Editing Arctic National Wildlife Refuge (section)

=== Marine ecosystem ===
The [[Arctic Basin|Arctic basin]] is the shallowest ocean basin on Earth. It is the least salty, because of low [[evaporation]] and large current of freshwater from rivers and glaciers. [[River mouth]]s and calving [[glacier]]s, are continually moving [[ocean current]]s contribute to a unique marine ecosystem in the Arctic. The cold, circulating water is rich in minerals, as well as the microscopic organisms (such as [[phytoplankton]] and [[algae]]) that need them to grow. Marine animals thrive in the Arctic. There are 12 species of [[marine mammal]]s of the Arctic found in the refuge. They consist of four species of [[whale]]s, polar bears, the [[walrus]] and six species of ice-associated seals, sperm whales, [[blue whale]]s, [[fin whale]]s, [[humpback whale]]s, [[Orca|killer whales]], [[Harbour porpoise|Harbor Porpoise]]. The Arctic marine [[food web]] consists of Primary consumers, Secondary consumers, Tertiary consumers, and [[scavenger]]s. [[Marine mammal]]s in the Arctic are experiencing severe impacts, including effects on migration, from disturbances such as noises from industrial activity, offshore seismic oil exploration, and well drilling.