Editing Barn swallow (section)

=== Song ===
Males sing to defend small territories (when living in colonies, less so in solitary pairs) and to attract mates. Males sing throughout the breeding season, from late April into August in many parts of the range. Their song is made up of a "twitter warble," followed by a rising "P-syllable" in European ''H. r. rustica'' and the North American ''H. r. erythrogaster.''<ref name="Wilkins2018">{{Cite journal|last1=Wilkins|first1=Matthew R|last2=Scordato|first2=Elizabeth S C|last3=Semenov|first3=Georgy A|last4=Karaardiç|first4=Hakan|last5=Shizuka|first5=Daizaburo|last6=Rubtsov|first6=Alexander|last7=Pap|first7=Peter L|last8=Shen|first8=Sheng-Feng|last9=Safran|first9=Rebecca J|date=2018-03-30|title=Global song divergence in barn swallows (Hirundo rustica): exploring the roles of genetic, geographical and climatic distance in sympatry and allopatry|url=https://academic.oup.com/biolinnean/article/123/4/825/4943524|journal=Biological Journal of the Linnean Society|language=en|volume=123|issue=4|pages=825–849|doi=10.1093/biolinnean/bly012|issn=0024-4066|access-date=10 June 2021|archive-date=10 June 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210610023112/https://academic.oup.com/biolinnean/article/123/4/825/4943524|url-status=live|url-access=subscription}}</ref> In all subspecies, this is followed by a short "Q-syllable" and a trilled series of pulses, termed the "rattle."<ref name="Galeotti1996">{{Cite journal|last1=GALEOTTI|first1=PAOLO|last2=SAINO|first2=NICOLA|last3=SACCHI|first3=ROBERTO|last4=MØLLER|first4=ANDERS PAPE|date=April 1997|title=Song correlates with social context, testosterone and body condition in male barn swallows|url=http://dx.doi.org/10.1006/anbe.1996.0304|journal=Animal Behaviour|volume=53|issue=4|pages=687–700|doi=10.1006/anbe.1996.0304|s2cid=54358836|issn=0003-3472|access-date=10 June 2021|archive-date=14 September 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220914222545/https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0003347296903048?via%3Dihub|url-status=live|url-access=subscription}}</ref> The rattle is sometimes followed by a terminal "Ω-Note" in some subspecies' populations, and always at the end of ''H. r. tytleri'' song.<ref name="Wilkins2018"/>

Female songs are much shorter than male songs, and are only produced during the early part of the breeding season.<ref name="Wilkins2020"/> Females sing spontaneously, though infrequently, and will also countersing in response to each other.<ref name="Wilkins2020"/>