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Bat-eared fox
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===Dentition and jaw adaptations=== The teeth of the bat-eared fox are much smaller those of other canid species,<ref name="Kieser-1995" /> excepting the [[bush dog]] (''Spetothos venaticus'') and [[dhole]] (''Cuon alpinus'').<ref name="Wallis-2022" /> The [[Molar (tooth)|molars]] are much more blunted and the [[Dental anatomy#Crown and root|roots]] are stronger than those of other canids, and the teeth have less [[Shearing (physics)|shearing]] capability. These are adaptations to its [[insectivorous]] diet and avoidance of soft foods.<ref name="Kieser-1995">{{cite journal|last=Kieser|first=J.A.|title=Gnathomandibular Morphology and Character Displacement in the Bat-eared Fox|journal=Journal of Mammalogy|date=May 1995|volume=76|issue=2|pages=542β550|doi=10.2307/1382362|jstor=1382362}}</ref> The bat-eared fox possesses 4-5 lower [[molar teeth]] and 3-4 upper molars, a number notable as it is greater than the number of lower or upper molars possessed by any other extant [[eutherian]]{{efn|Excepting the [[odontocete]]s.}} or canid, respectively.<ref name="Nel&Maas" /> The teeth are not the bat-eared fox's only [[morphology (biology)|morphological]] adaptation for its diet. On the lower jaw, a step-like protrusion is present called the subangular process, which is present in only a few canid species and both increases the bite force of the [[masseter muscle]]<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Penrose |first1=Fay |last2=Cox |first2=Philip |last3=Kemp |first3=Graham |last4=Jeffery |first4=Nathan |date=November 2020 |title=Functional morphology of the jaw adductor muscles in the Canidae |url=https://anatomypubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/ar.24391 |journal=The Anatomical Record |language=en |volume=303 |issue=11 |pages=2878β2903 |doi=10.1002/ar.24391 |pmid=32141710 |issn=1932-8486|url-access=subscription }}</ref> and anchors the large [[digastric muscle]] to allow for rapid chewing. The [[digastric muscle]] is also modified to allow for opening and closing the jaw five times per second.<ref name="Clark2005"/>
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