Editing Bible code (section)

===Other experiments===

Another experiment, in which the names of the famous rabbis were matched against the places of their births and deaths (rather than the dates), was conducted in 1997 by Harold Gans, former Senior [[Cryptology#NSA involvement|Cryptologic]] Mathematician for the United States [[National Security Agency]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.torahcode.net/people/gans.shtml|title=Kabbalah, Torah, and Torah Codes – People|website=www.torahcode.net}}</ref>

Again, the results were interpreted as being meaningful and thus suggestive of a more than chance result.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.torah-code.org/controversy/gans_statement.pdf|title=Public Statement by Harold Gans}}</ref> These Bible codes became known to the public primarily due to the American journalist [[Michael Drosnin]], whose book ''[[The Bible Code]]'' (1997) was a best-seller in many countries. Rips issued a public statement that he did not support Drosnin's work or conclusions;<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.despatch.cth.com.au/Articles_V/Torah_Extracts.htm |title=Public Statement by Dr. Rips on Michael Drosnin's theories |publisher=despatch.cth.com.au}}</ref><ref name="Stenger2009">{{cite book |last1=Stenger |first1=Victor J. |title=Has Science Found God?: The Latest Results in the Search for Purpose in the Universe |year= 2009 |publisher=Prometheus Books |isbn=978-1-61592-158-4 |page=230 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=hhE6ZXCFHZ0C&pg=PA230 |language=en}}</ref> even Gans has stated that, although the book says the codes in the Torah can be used to predict future events, "This is absolutely unfounded. There is no scientific or mathematical basis for such a statement, and the reasoning used to come to such a conclusion in the book is logically flawed."<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.skepdic.com/bibcode.html|title=Bible Code – The Skeptic's Dictionary|website=www.skepdic.com}}</ref><ref name="Stenger2009"/> In 2002, Drosnin published a second book on the same subject, called ''Bible Code II: the Countdown''.

The [[Jewish outreach]] group [[Aish HaTorah]] employs Bible codes in their Discovery Seminars to persuade secular Jews of the divinity of the Torah, and to encourage them to trust in traditional Orthodox Jewish teachings.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://aish.com/ask-the-rabbi/the-bible-tanach-scripture/oral-law-torah-study/bible-codes/|title=Bible Codes|website=aish.com}}</ref> Use of Bible code techniques also spread into certain Christian circles, especially in the [[United States]]. The main early proponents were [[Yakov Rambsel]], who is a [[Messianic Judaism|Messianic Jew]], and [[Grant Jeffrey]]. Another Bible code technique was developed in 1997 by Dean Coombs (also Christian). Various [[pictograms]] are claimed to be formed by words and sentences using ELS.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.bible-codes.org |title=Bible Code Pictograms Bible Codes that form images that predict the future |publisher=bible-codes.org |access-date=October 6, 2010}}</ref>

Since 2000, physicist Nathan Jacobi, an agnostic Jew, and engineer Moshe Aharon Shak, an orthodox Jew, claim to have discovered hundreds of examples of lengthy, extended ELSs.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.biblecodedigest.com |title=Find what you are looking for |publisher=biblecodedigest.com |access-date=October 6, 2010| archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20101026015526/http://biblecodedigest.com/| archive-date= October 26, 2010 | url-status= live}}</ref> The number of extended ELSs at various lengths is compared with those expected from a non-encoded text, as determined by a formula from [[Markov chain]] theory.<ref>Sherman, R. Edwin, with Jacobi and Swaney. 2005. ''Bible Code Bombshell'' Green Forest, Ar.: New Leaf Press. 281–286</ref>