Editing Bioacoustics (section)

==Animal sounds==
[[Image:Hanenkraaiwedstrijd (cropped2).jpg|thumb|right|200px|[[Bergischer Kräher|Bergische Crower]] crowing]]

[[Image:Birdsinging03182006.JPG|thumb|right|200px|[[European starling]] singing]]
Sounds used by animals that fall within the scope of bioacoustics include a wide range of frequencies and media, and are often not "''sound''" in the narrow sense of the word (i.e. [[compression wave]]s that propagate through [[air]] and are detectable by the human [[ear]]). [[Tettigoniidae|Katydid cricket]]s, for example, communicate by sounds with frequencies higher than 100 [[Hertz|kHz]], far into the ultrasound range.<ref>{{cite journal | last1 = Mason | first1 = A.C. | last2 = Morris | first2 = G.K. | last3 = Wall | first3 = P. | year = 1991 | title = High Ultrasonic Hearing and Tympanal Slit Function in Rainforest Katydids | journal = Naturwissenschaften | volume = 78 | issue = 8| pages = 365–367 | doi = 10.1007/bf01131611 | bibcode = 1991NW.....78..365M | s2cid = 40255816 }}</ref> Lower, but still in ultrasound, are sounds used by [[bat]]s for [[animal echolocation#Bats|echolocation]]. A segmented marine worm ''[[Leocratides kimuraorum]]'' produces one of the loudest popping sounds in the ocean at 157&nbsp;dB, frequencies 1–100&nbsp;kHz, similar to the [[Alpheidae|snapping shrimps]].<ref>{{Cite journal|last1=Goto|first1=Ryutaro|last2=Hirabayashi|first2=Isao|last3=Palmer|first3=A. Richard|date=2019-07-08|title=Remarkably loud snaps during mouth-fighting by a sponge-dwelling worm|journal=Current Biology|language=en|volume=29|issue=13|pages=R617–R618|doi=10.1016/j.cub.2019.05.047|issn=0960-9822|pmid=31287974|doi-access=free|bibcode=2019CBio...29.R617G }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.livescience.com/65945-tiny-worms-emit-loud-noise.html|title=Tiny Fighting Worms Make One of the Loudest Sounds in the Ocean|last=Saplakoglu 2019-07-16T15:48:02Z|first=Yasemin|website=livescience.com|date=16 July 2019 |language=en|access-date=2019-12-28}}</ref> On the other side of the frequency spectrum are low frequency-vibrations, often not detected by [[Hearing (sense)|hearing]] organs, but with other, less specialized sense organs. The examples include [[ground vibrations]] produced by [[elephants]] whose principal frequency component is around 15&nbsp;Hz, and low- to medium-frequency substrate-borne vibrations used by most [[insect]] [[order (biology)|orders]].<ref>{{cite journal | last1 = Virant-Doberlet | first1 = M. | last2 = Čokl | first2 = A. | year = 2004 | title = Vibrational communication in insects | journal = Neotropical Entomology | volume = 33 | issue = 2| pages = 121–134 | doi = 10.1590/s1519-566x2004000200001 | doi-access = free }}</ref> Many animal sounds, however, do fall within the frequency range detectable by a human ear, between 20 and 20,000&nbsp;Hz.<ref name="Mikula">{{cite journal|author1=Mikula, P.|author2=Valcu, M.|author3=Brumm, H.|author4=Bulla, M.|author5=Forstmeier, W.|author6= Petrusková, T.|author7=Kempenaers, B. |author8= Albrecht, T.|name-list-style=amp|year=2021|title= A global analysis of song frequency in passerines provides no support for the acoustic adaptation hypothesis but suggests a role for sexual selection|journal=Ecology Letters|volume=24|issue=3|pages=477–486|doi= 10.1111/ele.13662|pmid=33314573|doi-access=free|bibcode=2021EcolL..24..477M }}</ref> Mechanisms for sound production and detection are just as diverse as the signals themselves.