Editing Bohr model (section)

=== Influence of the Solvay Conference ===
The first [[Solvay Conference]], in 1911, was one of the first international physics conferences. Nine Nobel or future Nobel laureates attended, including
[[Ernest Rutherford]]<!-- second wikilink for key player -->, Bohr's mentor.<ref name=GilibertiLovisetti/>{{rp|271}} 
Bohr did not attend but he read the Solvay reports<ref name="aip.org">{{Cite interview |last=Bohr |first=Niels |subject-link=Niels Bohr |interviewer1=Thomas S. Kuhn |interviewer2=Leon Rosenfeld |interviewer3=Aage Petersen |interviewer4=Erik Rudinger |title=Niels Bohr – Session III |url=https://www.aip.org/history-programs/niels-bohr-library/oral-histories/4517-3 |publisher=American Institute of Physics |date=7 November 1962}}</ref> and discussed them with Rutherford.<ref name="Heilbron & Kuhn 1969">{{Cite journal |last1=Heilbron |first1=John L. |last2=Kuhn |first2=Thomas S. |date=1969 |title=The Genesis of the Bohr Atom |journal=Historical Studies in the Physical Sciences |volume=1 |pages=vi–290 |doi=10.2307/27757291 |jstor=27757291}}</ref>{{rp|233}}

The subject of the conference was the theory of radiation and the energy quanta of [[Max Planck]]'s oscillators.<ref name="Heilbron2013">{{Cite journal |last=Heilbron |first=John L. |date=June 2013 |title=The path to the quantum atom |journal=Nature |volume=498 |issue=7452 |pages=27–30 |doi=10.1038/498027a |pmid=23739408 |s2cid=4355108}}</ref> 
Planck's lecture at the conference ended with comments about atoms and the discussion that followed it concerned atomic models. [[Hendrik Lorentz]] raised the question of the composition of the atom based on [[#Haas atomic model|Haas's model]], a form of Thomson's plum pudding model with a quantum modification. Lorentz explained that the size of atoms could be taken to determine the Planck constant as Haas had done or the Planck constant could be taken as determining the size of atoms.<ref name=GilibertiLovisetti>{{Cite book |last1=Giliberti |first1=Marco |chapter-url=https://link.springer.com/10.1007/978-3-031-57934-9_6 |title=Old Quantum Theory and Early Quantum Mechanics. Challenges in Physics Education. |last2=Lovisetti |first2=Luisa |date=2024 |publisher=Springer Nature Switzerland |isbn=978-3-031-57933-2 |location=Cham |language=en |chapter=Bohr's Hydrogen Atom |doi=10.1007/978-3-031-57934-9_6 }}</ref>{{rp|273}} Bohr would adopt the second path.

The discussions outlined the need for the quantum theory to be included in the atom. Planck explicitly mentions the failings of classical mechanics.<ref name=GilibertiLovisetti/>{{rp|273}} While Bohr had already expressed a similar opinion in his PhD thesis, at Solvay the leading scientists of the day discussed a break with classical theories.<ref name="Heilbron & Kuhn 1969"/>{{rp|244}} Bohr's first paper on his atomic model cites the Solvay proceedings saying: "Whatever the alteration in the laws of motion of the electrons may be, it seems necessary to introduce in the laws in question a quantity foreign to the classical electrodynamics, ''i.e.'' Planck's constant<!-- modern form is "the Planck constant", but this is a direct quote -->, or as it often is called the elementary quantum of action."<ref name="bohr1" /> Encouraged by the Solvay discussions, Bohr would  assume the atom was stable and abandon the efforts to stabilize classical models of the atom<ref name=PaisInwardBound/>{{rp|199}}