Editing Cachexia (section)

==== Tumor Necrosis Factor (TNF) ====
TNF breaks down muscle and fat while stopping new muscle and fat cells from forming by activating the [[ubiquitin proteasome pathway]].<ref name="ferrer-2023" /><ref name="fearon-2012" /><ref name="Kumar" /><ref name="petruzzelli-2016">{{Cite journal |last1=Petruzzelli |first1=Michele |last2=Wagner |first2=Erwin F. |date=2016-03-01 |title=Mechanisms of metabolic dysfunction in cancer-associated cachexia |journal=Genes & Development |language=en |volume=30 |issue=5 |pages=489–501 |doi=10.1101/gad.276733.115 |issn=0890-9369 |pmc=4782044 |pmid=26944676}}</ref><ref name="nishikawa-2021" /><ref name="setiawan-2023">{{Cite journal |last1=Setiawan |first1=Tania |last2=Sari |first2=Ita Novita |last3=Wijaya |first3=Yoseph Toni |last4=Julianto |first4=Nadya Marcelina |last5=Muhammad |first5=Jabir Aliyu |last6=Lee |first6=Hyeok |last7=Chae |first7=Ji Heon |last8=Kwon |first8=Hyog Young |date=2023-05-22 |title=Cancer cachexia: molecular mechanisms and treatment strategies |journal=Journal of Hematology & Oncology |language=en |volume=16 |issue=1 |page=54 |doi=10.1186/s13045-023-01454-0 |doi-access=free |issn=1756-8722 |pmc=10204324 |pmid=37217930}}</ref> It also triggers the release of other cytokines that also speed up muscle loss. Since this process is very complex, cachexia is unlikely to be caused by one molecule.<ref name="petruzzelli-2016" /> While it is thought to be produced by immune cells called [[macrophage]]s, scientists are still unsure of exactly where TNF is produced in cachexia.<ref name="fearon-2012" />