Editing Capuchin monkey (section)

=== Social structure ===

Capuchin monkeys often live in large groups of 10 to 35 individuals within the forest, although they can easily adapt to places colonized by humans. The Capuchins have discrete hierarchies that are distinguished by age and sex.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://pin.primate.wisc.edu/factsheets/entry/tufted_capuchin/behav|title=Primate Factsheets: Tufted capuchin (''Cebus apella'') Behavior|website=pin.primate.wisc.edu|access-date=2019-11-12}}</ref> Usually, a single male will dominate the group, and he will have primary rights to [[Mating|mate]] with the females of the group. However, the [[white-headed capuchin]] groups are led by both an alpha male and an alpha female.<ref>{{cite book|vauthors=Ferrari SF, Iwanaga S, Ravetta AL, Freitas FC, Sousa BA, Souza LL, Costa CG, Coutinho PE |year=2003|chapter= Dynamics of Primate Communities along the Santarém-Cuiabá Highway in South-Central Brazilian Amazonia|editor=Marsh LK |title=Primates in Fragments|publisher= Kluwer|place= New York|pages=123–144|doi=10.1007/978-1-4757-3770-7_9|isbn=978-1-4757-3770-7}}</ref> Each group will cover a large territory, since members must search for the best areas to feed. These primates are territorial animals, distinctly marking a central area of their territory with urine and defending it against intruders, though outer areas may overlap. The stabilization of group dynamics is served through mutual grooming, and communication occurs between the monkeys through various calls.<ref>{{cite journal|doi=10.1007/s00265-012-1421-5|title=Collective group movement and leadership in wild black howler monkeys (''Alouatta pigra'')|journal=Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology|volume=67|pages=31–41|year=2012|last1=Van Belle|first1=Sarie|last2=Estrada|first2=Alejandro|last3=Garber|first3=Paul A.|s2cid=14844073}}
</ref> Their vocal communications have various meanings such as creating contact with one another, warning about a predator, and forming new groups. The social experience of the capuchins directly influences the development of attention in society. They create new social behaviors within multiple groups that signify different types of interactions. These include; tests of friendship, displays against enemies, infant and sexual intimacy.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2017/08/170824094042.htm|title=How new behaviors appear and spread among capuchin monkeys|website=ScienceDaily|language=en|access-date=2019-11-12}}</ref> This creates social rituals that are designed to test the strength of social bonds and a reliance on social learning.<ref>{{Cite journal|last1=Fragaszy|first1=Dorothy M.|last2=Eshchar|first2=Yonat|last3=Visalberghi|first3=Elisabetta|last4=Resende|first4=Briseida|last5=Laity|first5=Kellie|last6=Izar|first6=Patrícia|date=2017-07-25|title=Synchronized practice helps bearded capuchin monkeys learn to extend attention while learning a tradition|journal=Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences|language=en|volume=114|issue=30|pages=7798–7805|doi=10.1073/pnas.1621071114|issn=0027-8424|pmid=28739944|pmc=5544277|bibcode=2017PNAS..114.7798F |doi-access=free}}</ref>