Editing Carolinian language (section)

===Phonology===
;Consonant Phonemes Table<ref name="Ellis 2012" /><ref>{{Cite book|title=The Internal and External Relationships of Trukic Languages of Micronesia|last=Jackson|first=Frederick H.|year=1983|location=University of Hawaii, Manoa}}</ref>

{| class="wikitable"

! colspan="2" | !! Labial  !! Alveolar  !! Retroflex  !! Palatal  !!  Velar
!Glottal
|-
! rowspan="2" | Stops
!{{Small|plain}}
|  p pː  ||   t tː    ||       ||     ||         kː
|
|-
!{{Small|labial/voiced}}
|bʷˠ, (pʷˠ)
|d
|
|
|ɡ
|
|-
! colspan="2" |   Affricate
| ||           ||    ʈ͡ʂːʲ   ||         ||
|
|-
! colspan="2" |    Fricatives
|    f fː      ||    s sː      ||    ʂ     ||         ||  x
|h
|-
! rowspan="2" |  Nasals
!{{Small|plain}}
|  m mː  ||     n
|        ||          ||     ŋ ŋː
|
|-
!{{Small|labial}}
|mʷˠ mʷˠː
|
|
|
|
|
|-
! colspan="2" |  Liquids
| ||  l lː, r   ||          ɻ
|         ||
|
|-
! colspan="2" |   Glides
|   w     ||           ||           ||  j   ||
|
|-
|}
The table shows that alveolar ridge receives tongue-blade contact while the tongue tip makes contact at some place on the teeth.<ref name="Elameto" />
;Vowel Phonemes Table<ref name="Ellis 2012" />

{| class="wikitable"

!      !!  Front  !! Central !! Back !! Diphthongs
|-
! High
|  i  ||    ʉ    || u   ||  iu, eu, æu, ɐu
|-
!  Mid
| e ||   ɵ      ||  o ||  ou, ɒu, ei, æi
|-
! Low
|  æ  ||   ɐ   ||  ɒ ||  ɐi, ui, oi, ɒi
|-
|}

All of the consonants may appear initially, medially, and finally. In the final position, all the obstruents are obligatorily released. All consonants except one are unaspirated, and all stops and /x/ are lenis. The consonants /bw/ and /mw/ have coarticulated labial closure and rounding with a raising of the back of the tongue toward the velum. the /bw/ is usually spirantized to /βw/ medially. The /r/ is a trill, which is voiceless word-finally. Moreover, all of the following single consonants may also be geminate initially, medially and in their abstract representation, finally: /p, t, bw, f, s, m, mw, ŋ, l/. Geminate /bw/ is devoiced. In addition, Carolinian has geminate /kk/ but not single /k/. There are the five consonants /ş, x, r, w, j/, which may be geminated medially in productive reduplication. Geminate obstruents are tense and often give the impression of aspiration.

In addition to its native vocabulary, Carolinian has borrowed considerable vocabulary from Chamorro, English, and Japanese. This has led to the borrowing of some phonemes from these languages as well. Although these phonemes appear only in borrowed words, many of these words undergo regular Carolinian phonological rules, and the international segments are assigned in the same way as native speakers. For example, the Japanese word /{{Transliteration|ja|italic=no|dzori}}/, which means slipper, is borrowed into Carolinian and may be reduplicated. So /dzodzdzoori/ means to be wearing slippers.<ref name="Elameto" />