Editing Central Java (section)

== Geography ==
[[File:Slamet & Serayu, Watu Meja,.jpg|thumb|Landscape of the [[Serayu River]] Valley, with [[Mount Slamet]] in the background]]
[[File:Sindoro sumbing.jpg|thumb|[[Mount Sundoro|Mount Sindoro]] and [[Mount Sumbing]] viewed from the [[Dieng Plateau|Dieng Pleteau]]]]
According to the slope level of land in Central Java, 38% of the land has a slope of 0–2%, 31% has a slope of 2–15%, 19% has a slope of 15–40%, and the remaining 12% has a slope of more than 40%.

The northern coastal region of Central Java has a narrow lowland. In the [[Brebes Regency|Brebes]] area, it is 40&nbsp;km wide from the coast, while in Semarang, it is only 4&nbsp;km wide. This plain continues with the depression of Semarang-Rembang in the east. [[Mount Muria]] at the end of the Ice Age (around 10,000 years BC) was a separate island from Java, which eventually fused because of alluvial deposits from flowing rivers.<ref>{{cite journal|last1=Sunarto|date=2006|title=Geomorphological Development of the Muria Palaeostrait in Relation to the Morphodynamics of the Wulan Delta, Central Java|journal=Indonesian Journal of Geography}}</ref> The city of [[Demak, Demak|Demak]] during the era of the [[Demak Sultanate]]  was on the edge of the sea and became a thriving port. This sedimentation process is still ongoing on the coast of [[Semarang]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.straitstimes.com/asia/se-asia/semarang-is-sinking-all-has-become-sea-for-its-tiny-neighbour|title=Semarang is sinking – 'all has become sea' for its tiny neighbour|last=hermes|date=4 November 2018|website=The Straits Times|language=en|access-date=14 March 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181104133145/https://www.straitstimes.com/asia/se-asia/semarang-is-sinking-all-has-become-sea-for-its-tiny-neighbour|archive-date=4 November 2018|url-status=live}}</ref>

In the south of the area are the Northern Cretaceous Mountains and the Kendeng Mountains, which are limestone mountains stretching from the east of Semarang from the Southwest end of Pati then east to the [[Lamongan Regency|Lamongan]] and [[Bojonegoro Regency|Bojonegoro]] in East Java.
[[File:Barakuda Beach 2 Karimun Jawa.jpg|thumb|Beach in [[Karimunjawa]] Island, [[Jepara Regency]]]]
The main range of mountains in Central Java is the North and South Serayu Mountains. The North forms a mountain chain that connects the [[Bogor]] range in West Java with the Kendeng Mountains in the east. The width of this mountain range is around 30–50&nbsp;km; on the western end there is [[Mount Slamet]], which is the highest mountain in Central Java as well as the second-highest mountain in Java, and the eastern part is the [[Dieng Plateau]] with peaks of Mount Prahu and [[Mount Ungaran]]. Between the series of North and South Serayu Mountains are separated by the Serayu Depression which stretches from Majenang in the [[Cilacap Regency]], [[Purwokerto]], to [[Wonosobo Regency|Wonosobo]]. East of this depression is the Sindoro and Sumbing volcano, and the east again (Magelang and Temanggung areas) is a continuation of depression which limits Mount Merapi and Mount Merbabu.

The Southern Serayu Mountains are part of the South Central Java Basin located in the southern part of the province. This mandala is a geoantiklin that extends from west to east along 100 kilometres and is divided into two parts separated by the Jatilawang valley, namely the western and eastern regions. The western part is formed by Mount Kabanaran (360&nbsp;m) and can be described as having the same elevation as the Bandung Depression Zone in West Java or as a new structural element in Central Java. This section is separated from the Bogor Zone by the Majenang Depression.

The eastern part was built by the Ajibarang anticline (narrow anticline) which was cut by the [[Serayu River]] stream. In the east of Banyumas, the anticline developed into an anticlinorium with a width reaching 30&nbsp;km in the Lukulo area (south of [[Banjarnegara]]-Midangan) or often called the ''Kebumen Tinggi''. At the very eastern end of Mandala, the South Serayu Mountains are formed by the dome of the Kulonprogo Mountains (1022&nbsp;m), which is located between [[Purworejo Regency|Purworejo]] and the [[Progo River]].

The area of the south coast of Central Java also has a narrow lowland, with a width of 10–25&nbsp;km. In addition, there are South Gombong Karst Areas. Sloping hills stretch parallel to the coast, from Yogyakarta to [[Cilacap Regency|Cilacap]]. East of Yogyakarta is a limestone mountain area that extends to the southern coast of East Java.

=== Hydrology ===
[[File:Rawa Pening Central Java.jpg|thumb|[[Lake Rawa Pening]] in [[Semarang Regency]]]]
The rivers that empty into the [[Java Sea]] include the [[Solo River|Bengawan Solo River]], Kali Pemali, Kali Comal, and Kali Bodri, while the ones that empty into the Indian Ocean include [[Serayu River]], Bogowonto River, [[Luk Ulo River]] and Progo River. Bengawan Solo is the longest river on the island of Java (572&nbsp;km); has a spring in the [[Gunung Sewu Geopark|Sewu Mountains]] (Wonogiri Regency), this river flows to the north, crosses the City of [[Surakarta]], and finally goes to East Java and empties into the Gresik area (near Surabaya).

Among the main reservoirs (lakes) in Central Java are Gunung Rowo Lake ([[Pati Regency]]), [[Gajah Mungkur Dam|Gajahmungkur Reservoir]] ([[Wonogiri Regency]]), Kedungombo Reservoir ([[Boyolali Regency|Boyolali]] and [[Sragen Regency]]), [[Lake Rawa Pening|Rawa Pening Lake]] ([[Semarang Regency]]), Cacaban Reservoir ([[Tegal Regency]]), Malahayu Reservoir ([[Brebes Regency]]), Wadaslintang Reservoir (border of [[Kebumen Regency]] and [[Wonosobo Regency]]), Gembong Reservoir (Pati Regency), Sempor Reservoir ([[Kebumen Regency]]) and Mrica Reservoir ([[Banjarnegara Regency]]).

=== Climate ===
The average temperature in Central Java is between {{Convert|18-28|°C}} and the relative humidity varies between 73% and 94%.<ref name="Jateng-Profil">[http://www.jawatengah.go.id/framer.php?SUB=ttg_jateng&DATA=profil_jawa_tengah]  {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060629031921/http://www.jawatengah.go.id/framer.php?SUB=ttg_jateng&DATA=profil_jawa_tengah|date=29 June 2006}}</ref> While the humidity is high in most low-lying parts of the province, it drops significantly in the upper mountains.<ref name="Jateng-Profil" /> The highest average annual rainfall of 3,990&nbsp;mm with 195 rainy days was recorded in [[Salatiga]].<ref name="Jateng-Profil" />