Editing Cereal (section)

=== Growth ===

[[File:Wheat scab.jpg|thumb|upright=0.6|''[[Fusarium graminearum]]'' damages many cereals, here [[wheat]], where it causes wheat scab (right).]]

Cereal strains are bred for consistency and resilience to the local environmental conditions. The greatest constraints on [[crop yield|yield]] are [[Lists of cereal pests and diseases|plant diseases]], especially [[Rust (fungus)|rusts]] (mostly the ''[[Puccinia]]'' spp.) and [[powdery mildew]]s.<ref name = "Marienlyst" >{{Cite web |year=2015 |pages=1–163 |publisher=[[Aarhus University]] |title=14th International Cereal Rusts and Powdery Mildews Conference |url=https://wheat.pw.usda.gov/GG3/node/176}}</ref> Fusarium head blight, caused by ''[[Fusarium graminearum]]'', is a significant limitation on a wide variety of cereals.<ref name="Disaster">{{cite journal |year=2004 |issue=6 |publisher=[[John Wiley & Sons, Inc.]] |volume=5 |last1=Goswami |first1=R. |last2=Kistler |first2=H. |pages=515–525 |journal=[[Molecular Plant Pathology]] |issn=1464-6722 |s2cid=11548015 |pmid=20565626 |title=Heading for disaster: ''Fusarium graminearum'' on cereal crops |doi=10.1111/j.1364-3703.2004.00252.x |doi-access=free}}</ref> Other pressures include [[Lists of cereal pests and diseases|pest insects]] and wildlife like rodents and deer.<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Singleton |first1=Grant R |last2=Lorica |first2=Renee P |last3=Htwe |first3=Nyo Me |last4=Stuart |first4=Alexander M |date=2021-10-01 |title=Rodent management and cereal production in Asia: Balancing food security and conservation |journal=Pest Management Science |volume=77 |issue=10 |pages=4249–4261 |doi=10.1002/ps.6462 |pmid=33949075 |language=en|doi-access=free }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Deer (Overview) Interaction with Humans - Damage to Agriculture {{!}} Wildlife Online |url=https://www.wildlifeonline.me.uk/animals/article/deer-overview-interaction-with-humans-damage-to-agriculture |access-date=2024-02-08 |website=www.wildlifeonline.me.uk |language=en}}</ref> In conventional agriculture, some farmers will apply [[fungicide]]s or pesticides