Editing Chelation (section)

=== Contrast agents ===
Chelate complexes of [[gadolinium]] are often used as [[contrast medium|contrast agent]]s in [[MRI|MRI scan]]s, although [[iron]] particle and [[manganese]] chelate complexes have also been explored.<ref name=":0">{{cite journal |vauthors=Caravan P, Ellison JJ, McMurry TJ, Lauffer RB |title=Gadolinium(III) Chelates as MRI Contrast Agents: Structure, Dynamics, and Applications |journal=Chemical Reviews |volume=99 |issue=9 |pages=2293–352 |date=September 1999 |pmid=11749483 |doi=10.1021/cr980440x}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |vauthors=Pan D, Schmieder AH, Wickline SA, Lanza GM |title=Manganese-based MRI contrast agents: past, present and future |journal=Tetrahedron |volume=67 |issue=44 |pages=8431–8444 |date=November 2011 |pmid=22043109 |pmc=3203535 |doi=10.1016/j.tet.2011.07.076}}</ref> Bifunctional chelate complexes of [[zirconium]], [[gallium]], [[fluorine]], [[copper]], [[yttrium]], [[bromine]], or [[iodine]] are often used for conjugation to [[monoclonal antibodies]] for use in antibody-based [[PET imaging]].<ref>{{cite journal |vauthors=Vosjan MJ, Perk LR, Visser GW, Budde M, Jurek P, Kiefer GE, van Dongen GA |title=Conjugation and radiolabeling of monoclonal antibodies with zirconium-89 for PET imaging using the bifunctional chelate p-isothiocyanatobenzyl-desferrioxamine |journal=Nature Protocols |volume=5 |issue=4 |pages=739–43 |date=April 2010 |pmid=20360768 |doi=10.1038/nprot.2010.13 |s2cid=5087493}}</ref> These chelate complexes often employ the usage of [[hexadentate ligand]]s such as [[desferrioxamine B]] (DFO), according to Meijs ''et al.'',<ref>{{Cite journal|last1=Price|first1=Eric W.|last2=Orvig|first2=Chris |date=January 7, 2014|title=Matching chelators to radiometals for radiopharmaceuticals|journal=Chemical Society Reviews|volume=43|issue=1|pages=260–290|doi=10.1039/c3cs60304k|issn=1460-4744|pmid=24173525}}</ref> and the gadolinium complexes often employ the usage of octadentate ligands such as DTPA, according to Desreux ''et al''.<ref>{{Cite journal|last1=Parac-Vogt|first1=Tatjana N.|last2=Kimpe|first2=Kristof|last3=Laurent |first3=Sophie|last4=Vander Elst|first4=Luce|last5=Burtea|first5=Carmen|last6=Chen|first6=Feng|last7=Muller |first7=Robert N.|last8=Ni |first8=Yicheng|last9=Verbruggen|first9=Alfons|date=May 6, 2005|title=Synthesis, characterization, and pharmacokinetic evaluation of a potential MRI contrast agent containing two paramagnetic centers with albumin binding affinity |journal=Chemistry: A European Journal|volume=11 |issue=10|pages=3077–3086|doi=10.1002/chem.200401207|issn=0947-6539|pmid=15776492 |url=https://lirias.kuleuven.be/handle/123456789/20303|url-access=subscription}}</ref> [[Auranofin]], a chelate complex of [[gold]], is used in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis, and [[penicillamine]], which forms chelate complexes of [[copper]], is used in the treatment of [[Wilson's disease]] and [[cystinuria]], as well as refractory rheumatoid arthritis.<ref>{{cite journal |vauthors=Kean WF, Hart L, Buchanan WW |title=Auranofin |journal=British Journal of Rheumatology |volume=36 |issue=5 |pages=560–72 |date=May 1997 |pmid=9189058 |doi=10.1093/rheumatology/36.5.560 |doi-access=free}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |vauthors=Wax PM |title=Current use of chelation in American health care |journal=Journal of Medical Toxicology |volume=9 |issue=4 |pages=303–307 |date=December 2013 |pmid=24113860 |pmc=3846961 |doi=10.1007/s13181-013-0347-2}}</ref>