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Chickasaw language
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===Consonants=== Chickasaw has 16 [[consonant]]s. In the table below, the consonants are written in the standard Chickasaw orthography. The phonetic symbolization of each consonant is written in the [[International Phonetic Alphabet]] (IPA) to the right of each orthographic letter when the orthography differs from the IPA symbol. {| class="wikitable" |+Chickasaw Consonants<ref name="gml287">{{Harvcoltxt|Gordon|Munro|Ladefoged|2001|p=287}}</ref><ref>{{Harvcoltxt|Munro|2005|p=121}}</ref> |- ! rowspan="2" | ! rowspan="2" | [[labial consonant|Labial]] ! colspan="2" | [[Alveolar consonant|Alveolar]] ! rowspan="2" | [[Postalveolar|Post-<br />alveolar]] ! rowspan="2" | [[Velar consonant|Velar]] ! rowspan="2" | [[glottal consonant|Glottal]] |- style="font-size: 80%;" ! [[central consonant|central]] ! [[lateral consonant|lateral]] |-align=center ! [[Nasal stop|Nasal]] | {{IPA link|m}} | {{IPA link|n}} | | | | |-align=center ! [[Plosive consonant|Plosive]] | {{IPA link|p}} {{IPA link|b}} | {{IPA link|t}} | | | {{IPA link|k}} | {{saltillo}} {{IPAslink|ʔ}} |-align=center ! [[Affricate consonant|Affricate]] | | colspan="2" | | ch {{IPAslink|tʃ}} | | |-align=center ! [[Fricative consonant|Fricative]] | {{IPA link|f}} | {{IPA link|s}} | lh {{IPAslink|ɬ}} | sh {{IPAslink|ʃ}} | | {{IPA link|h}} |-align=center ! [[Approximant consonant|Approximant]] | | | {{IPA link|l}} | y {{IPAslink|j}} | {{IPA link|w}} | |} * {{IPA|/w/}} is [[Voiced labio-velar approximant|labiovelar]]. * Voiceless stops {{IPA|/p t k/}} have a small amount of [[Aspiration (phonetics)|aspiration]] {{IPA|[pʰ tʰ kʰ]}}, especially at the beginning of words.<ref name="gml287" /> * The voiced stop {{IPA|/b/}} may undergo [[lenition]] to a voiced fricative {{IPA|[β]}} between vowels.<ref name="gml287" /> * All consonants except for the [[glottal stop]] may be geminated and most consonants can occur in biconsonantal clusters.<ref name="gml287" />
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