Editing Cocktail (section)

== Development ==
[[File:Tom Collins, Seven Feathers.jpg|thumb|upright=1.1|150px|A [[Tom Collins]], served in a [[Collins glass|glass]] of the same name.]]
There is a lack of clarity on the origins of cocktails.<ref>{{cite web|last=Brown|first=Jared|date=December 13, 2012|title=The surprising history of the cocktail|url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/luxury/travel/1256/the-surprising-history-of-the-cocktail.html|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131013065914/https://www.telegraph.co.uk/luxury/travel/1256/the-surprising-history-of-the-cocktail.html|archive-date=October 13, 2013|access-date=April 19, 2021|website=[[The Daily Telegraph]]}}</ref> Traditionally cocktails were a mixture of spirits, sugar, water, and [[bitters]].<ref name="Professor">{{cite book|last=Thomas|first=Jerry|url=https://archive.org/details/howtomixdrinkso00schugoog|title=How To Mix Drinks: or, The bon-vivant's companion...|publisher=[[Dick & Fitzgerald]]|year=1862|location=New York}}</ref> By the 1860s, however, a cocktail frequently included a [[liqueur]].<ref name=":0">{{cite journal|date=February 15, 1880|title=The Democracy in Trouble|url=https://www.proquest.com/docview/172179593|journal=Chicago Daily Tribune|volume=1880|page=4|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140314105513/https://pqasb.pqarchiver.com/chicagotribune/doc/172179593.html?FMT=ABS&FMTS=ABS:AI&type=historic&date=Feb+15%2C+1880&author=&pub=Chicago+Daily+Tribune+%281872-1922%29&edition=&startpage=&desc=THE+DEMOCRACY+IN+TROUBLE.|archive-date=March 14, 2014|url-status=live|access-date=April 19, 2021|id={{ProQuest|172179593}} }}</ref><ref name="Professor" />

The first publication of a [[bartender]]s' guide which included cocktail recipes was in 1862 – ''How to Mix Drinks; or, The Bon Vivant's Companion'', by "Professor" [[Jerry Thomas (bartender)|Jerry Thomas]]. In addition to recipes for punches, sours, slings, cobblers, shrubs, toddies, flips, and a variety of other mixed drinks were 10 recipes<ref>{{Cite web|title=Cocktail Recipes: Heretic Spirits|url=https://www.hereticspirits.com/recipe/|url-status=live|access-date=April 19, 2021|website=Heretic Spirits|archive-date=April 19, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210419150619/https://www.hereticspirits.com/recipe/}}</ref> for "cocktails". A key ingredient distinguishing cocktails from other drinks in this compendium was the use of [[bitters]]. Mixed drinks popular today that conform to this original meaning of "cocktail" include the [[Old fashioned (cocktail)|Old Fashioned]] whiskey cocktail, the [[Sazerac]] cocktail, and the [[Manhattan (cocktail)|Manhattan]] cocktail.

The ingredients listed (spirits, sugar, water, and bitters) match the ingredients of an [[Old fashioned (cocktail)|Old Fashioned]],<ref>{{cite book|author=Kappeler|first=George|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=CvdAAQAAMAAJ|title=Modern American Drinks: How to Mix and Serve All Kinds of Cups and Drinks|publisher=Merriam Company|year=1895|access-date=April 19, 2021|archive-date=April 28, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210428202956/https://www.google.com/books/edition/Modern_American_Drinks/CvdAAQAAMAAJ|url-status=live}}</ref> which originated as a term used by late 19th-century bar patrons to distinguish cocktails made the  "old-fashioned" way from newer, more complex cocktails.<ref name="Wondrich" />

In the 1869 recipe book ''Cooling Cups and Dainty Drinks'', by William Terrington, cocktails are described as:<ref name="Terrington1869">{{cite book|author=Terrington|first=William|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=PTuvswEACAAJ|title=Cooling Cups and Dainty Drinks: And of General Information on Beverages of All Kinds|publisher=Trieste Publishing Pty Limited|year=2017|isbn=9780649556090|access-date=April 19, 2021|archive-date=April 28, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210428202939/https://www.google.com/books/edition/Cooling_Cups_and_Dainty_Drinks_And_of_Ge/PTuvswEACAAJ|url-status=live}}</ref>
{{Blockquote|text=Cocktails are compounds very much used by "early birds" to fortify the inner man, and by those who like their consolations hot and strong.}}

The term [[highball]] appears during the 1890s to distinguish a drink composed only of a [[distilled beverage|distilled spirit]] and a [[Drink mixer|mixer]].<ref>{{cite web|title=highball {{!}} Origin and meaning of highball by Online Etymology Dictionary|url=https://www.etymonline.com/word/highball|url-status=live|access-date=April 19, 2021|website=Etymonline.com|archive-date=April 19, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210419150619/https://www.etymonline.com/word/highball}}</ref>

Published in 1902 by [[Farrow and Jackson]], "Recipes of American and Other Iced Drinks" contains recipes for nearly two dozen cocktails, some still recognizable today.<ref>{{Cite book|last=Paul|first=Charlie|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=3PZAAQAAMAAJ|title=Recipes of American and Other Iced Drinks|publisher=G. Berridge|year=1936|access-date=April 19, 2021|archive-date=April 28, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210428202936/https://www.google.com/books/edition/Recipes_of_American_and_Other_Iced_Drink/3PZAAQAAMAAJ|url-status=live}}</ref>
 
The first "cocktail party" ever thrown was allegedly by Julius S. Walsh Jr. of [[St. Louis]], [[Missouri]], in May 1917. Walsh invited 50 guests to her home at noon on a Sunday. The party lasted an hour until lunch was served at 1{{nbsp}}p.m. The site of this first cocktail party still stands. In 1924, the [[Roman Catholic Archdiocese of St. Louis]] bought the Walsh mansion at 4510 Lindell Boulevard, and it has served as the local archbishop's residence ever since.<ref>{{cite news|last=Felten|first=Eric|date=October 6, 2007|title=St. Louis -- Party Central|work=[[The Wall Street Journal]]|url=https://www.wsj.com/articles/SB119161653517750477|access-date=April 19, 2021|archive-date=March 9, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210309001325/https://www.wsj.com/articles/SB119161653517750477|url-status=live}}</ref>

During [[Prohibition in the United States]] (1920–1933), when alcoholic beverages were illegal, cocktails were still consumed illegally in establishments known as [[speakeasy|speakeasies]]. The quality of the liquor available during Prohibition was much worse than previously.<ref name="Regan">{{cite book|author=Regan|first=Gary|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=fURBDwAAQBAJ|title=The Joy of Mixology, Revised and Updated Edition|publisher=[[Crown Publishing Group]]/[[Ten Speed Press]]|year=2018|isbn=9780451499035|access-date=April 19, 2021|archive-date=April 28, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210428203007/https://www.google.com/books/edition/The_Joy_of_Mixology_Revised_and_Updated/fURBDwAAQBAJ|url-status=live}}</ref> There was a shift from [[whiskey]] to [[gin]], which does not require aging and is, therefore, easier to produce illicitly.<ref>{{cite news|author=Felten|first=Eric|date=November 29, 2008|title=Celebrating Cinco de Drinko|newspaper=[[The Wall Street Journal]]|url=https://www.wsj.com/articles/SB122790942540265309|access-date=April 19, 2021|archive-date=February 5, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210205013526/https://www.wsj.com/articles/SB122790942540265309|url-status=live}}</ref> Honey, fruit juices, and other flavorings served to mask the foul taste of the inferior liquors. Sweet cocktails were easier to drink quickly, an important consideration when the establishment might be raided at any moment. With wine and beer less readily available, liquor-based cocktails took their place, even becoming the centerpiece of the new [[cocktail party]].<ref>{{cite news|last1=Miller|first1=Jeffrey|date=January 15, 2019|title=The Prohibition-era origins of the modern craft cocktail movement|work=The Conversation|url=https://theconversation.com/the-prohibition-era-origins-of-the-modern-craft-cocktail-movement-109623|access-date=April 19, 2021|archive-date=April 5, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210405074223/https://theconversation.com/the-prohibition-era-origins-of-the-modern-craft-cocktail-movement-109623|url-status=live}}</ref>

Cocktails became less popular in the late 1960s and through the 1970s, until resurging in the 1980s with [[vodka]] often substituting for the original gin in drinks such as the [[Martini (cocktail)|martini]]. Traditional cocktails began to make a comeback in the 2000s,<ref>{{cite book|author=Blue|first=Anthony|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=9Hln0nEBZsoC|title=The Complete Book of Spirits|publisher=[[HarperCollins]]|year=2004|isbn=9780060542184|pages=58|access-date=April 19, 2021|archive-date=November 30, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201130192147/https://books.google.com/books/about/The_Complete_Book_of_Spirits.html?id=9Hln0nEBZsoC|url-status=live}}</ref> and by the mid-2000s there was a renaissance of cocktail culture in a style typically referred to as mixology that draws on traditional cocktails for inspiration but uses novel ingredients and often complex flavors.<ref name="Mixellany"/>