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Codex
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===Materials=== The materials codices are made with are their support, and include papyrus, parchment (sometimes referred to as membrane or vellum), and paper. They are written and drawn on with metals, [[pigment]]s, and [[ink]].<ref name="Byzantium">{{cite book |last1=McCormick |first1=Michael |title=The Oxford Dictionary of Byzantium |last2=Gamillscheg |first2=Ernst |publisher=[[Oxford University Press]] |year=1991 |isbn=9780195046526 |editor-last=Kazhdan |editor-first=Alexander P. |chapter=Codicology}}</ref> The quality, size, and choice of support determine the status of a codex. Papyrus is found only in late antiquity and the [[Early Middle Ages]]. Codices intended for display were bound with more durable materials than vellum.<ref name=":0">{{cite book |last=Pearsal |first=Derek |title=The Oxford Companion to the Book |publisher=[[Oxford University Press]] |year=2010 |isbn=9780198606536 |editor-last=Suarez |editor-first=Michael |chapter=Codicology |editor-last2=Woudhuysen |editor-first2=H. R.}}</ref> Parchment varied widely due to animal species and finish, and identification of animals used to make it has only begun to be studied in the 21st century. How manufacturing influenced the final products, technique, and style, is little understood. However, changes in style are underpinned more by variation in technique.<ref name=":1">{{cite book |title=The Grove Encyclopedia of Medieval Art and Architecture |publisher=[[Oxford University Press]] |year=2013 |isbn=9780195395365 |editor-last=Hourihane |editor-first=Colum P. |chapter=Codicology}}</ref> Before the 14th and 15th centuries, paper was expensive, and its use may mark off the deluxe copy.<ref name=":0" />
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