Editing Coercive monopoly (section)

==Unions==
{{See also|Union wage premium}}
Labor unions have been called coercive monopolies which keep wage rates higher than they would otherwise be if individuals competed with each other for wages. Economists who believe this to be the case refer to this as a monopoly wage.<ref>{{Cite book |last1=Heery |first1=Edmund |title=A Dictionary of Human Resources Management |last2=Noon |first2=Mike |publisher=Oxford University Press |year=2002 |pages=225}}</ref> This has raised some conversing opinions about the power of unions to contradict antitrust laws. Specifically, collusive methods to increases prices is illegal on public policy standards, but raising labour prices is encouraged.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Lindblom |first1=Charles E. |title=Are Labor Unions Monopolies |journal=Challenge |date=1958 |volume=6 |issue=5 |pages=26–31 |doi=10.1080/05775132.1958.11468630 |jstor=40717821}}</ref> In addition, the unions participating in collective bargaining is applauded for its peaceful dispute settlement tactics, but this can also be seen as prohibited coercive behaviour. Nonetheless, as the intention behind these coercive actions in unions are for the benefit of workers rather than company profits, antitrust laws have not been held against these unions.