Editing Collective action (section)

===Collective action problem===
{{main|Collective action problem}}
The term collective action problem describes the situation in which multiple individuals would all benefit from a certain action, but has an associated cost making it implausible that any individual can or will undertake and solve it alone. The ideal solution is then to undertake this as a collective action, the cost of which is shared. Situations like this include the [[prisoner's dilemma]], a collective action problem in which no communication is allowed, the [[free rider problem]], and the [[tragedy of the commons]], also known as the problem with open access.<ref>Archived at [https://ghostarchive.org/varchive/youtube/20211211/WYA1y405JW0 Ghostarchive]{{cbignore}} and the [https://web.archive.org/web/20160409041214/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=WYA1y405JW0 Wayback Machine]{{cbignore}}: {{cite web|last1=Agar|first1=Jesse|title=Tragedy of the Commons │ The Problem with Open Access|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=WYA1y405JW0|website=Youtube|date=9 June 2015 |publisher=This Place (youtube channel)|access-date=Jun 9, 2015}}{{cbignore}}</ref>  An allegorical metaphor often used to describe the problem is "[[belling the cat]]".<ref>{{Cite book |last=Dowding |first=Keith |author-link=Keith Dowding |year=1996 |title=Power |pages=31&nbsp;''ff.'' |publisher=University of Minnesota Press |isbn= 978-0-8166-2941-1 }}</ref>

Solutions to collective action problems include mutually binding agreements, government regulation, privatisation, and [[assurance contract]]s, also known as crowdacting.<ref>Archived at [https://ghostarchive.org/varchive/youtube/20211211/u6tqZqoh8DY Ghostarchive]{{cbignore}} and the [https://web.archive.org/web/20170609234457/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=u6tqZqoh8DY&list=PLhZIV92at14Sq0eEvvgSFpyMHnK269pNj Wayback Machine]{{cbignore}}: {{cite web|last1=van den Akker|first1=Ron|title=Crowdacting|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=u6tqZqoh8DY|website=YouTube|date=7 September 2016 |publisher=Bord&Stift|access-date=Sep 7, 2016}}{{cbignore}}</ref>