Editing Common raven (section)

=== Predation ===
Owing to its size, gregariousness and its defensive abilities, the common raven has few natural predators. Predators of its eggs and chicks include [[marten]]s, large [[owl]]s, and sometimes [[eagle]]s. Ravens are quite vigorous at defending their young and are usually successful at driving off perceived threats. They attack potential predators by flying at them and lunging with their large bills. Humans are occasionally attacked if they get close to a raven nest, though serious injuries are unlikely. There are a few records of large birds of prey taking ravens; more rarely, large mammalian predators such as [[lynx]]es, [[coyote]]s and [[cougar]]s have also attacked ravens. This principally occurs at a nest site and when other prey for the carnivores are scarce.

In North America, predators of ravens have reportedly included [[great horned owl]]s, [[American goshawk]]s, [[bald eagle]]s, [[golden eagle]]s and [[red-tailed hawk]]s. It is possible that the hawk species only attack young ravens; in one instance a [[peregrine falcon]] swooped at a newly fledged raven but was chased off by the parent ravens.<ref>{{cite thesis|author=Boal, C. W. |year=1993|title=Northern goshawk diets in ponderosa pine forests in northern Arizona|publisher=University of Arizona |type=Masters of Science Thesis}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal|author=Murie, O. J. |year=1940|title=Food habits of the northern Bald Eagle in the Aleutian Islands, Alaska|jstor=1363948|url=https://sora.unm.edu/node/99047|journal= Condor|pages= 198–202|volume=42|issue=4|doi=10.2307/1363948|url-access=subscription}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal|author=Olendorff, R. R. |year=1976|title=The food habits of North American golden eagles|jstor=2424254|journal= American Midland Naturalist|pages= 231–236|volume=95|issue=1|doi=10.2307/2424254}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|author=Young, L. S. |author2=Engel, K. A. |year= 1988|title=Implications of communal roosting by Common Ravens to operation and maintenance of Pacific Power and Light Company's Malin to Midpoint 500 kV transmission line|publisher= U.S. Dept. of the Interior, Bureau of Land Manage|place= Boise, ID}}</ref> Ravens wary around novel carrion sites, and in North America, have been recorded waiting for the presence of [[American crow]]s and [[blue jay]]s before approaching to eat.<ref name=adw/>

In [[Eurasia]], their reported predators include, in addition to golden eagles, [[Eurasian eagle-owl]]s, [[white-tailed eagle]]s, [[Steller's sea-eagle]]s, [[eastern imperial eagle]]s and [[gyrfalcon]]s.<ref>{{cite journal|author=Malafosse, J. |year=1985|title=Quelques données sur le Hibou grand-duc (''Bubo bubo'') dans le département de la Lozère de 1978 à 1984|journal= Le Grand-Duc|volume= 26|pages= 26–32|url=http://files.biolovision.net/www.faune-auvergne.org/userfiles/GDUC/Grand-Duc%2026%20(04).pdf }}</ref><ref>{{cite journal|author1=Wille, F. |author2=Kampp, K.  |name-list-style=amp |year=1983|title=Food of the white-tailed eagle ''Haliaeetus albicilla'' in Greenland|journal= Ecography |volume=6|issue=1|pages= 81–88 |doi=10.1111/j.1600-0587.1983.tb01068.x|bibcode=1983Ecogr...6...81W }}</ref><ref>{{cite book|author1=Utekhina, I. |author2=Potapov, E. |author3=McGrady, M. J. |name-list-style=amp |year=2000|chapter=Diet of the Steller's Sea Eagle in the northern Sea of Okhotsk|title=First Symposium on Steller's and White-tailed Sea Eagles in East Asia|place= Tokyo, Japan|publisher= Wild Bird Society of Japan |pages=71–92}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal|author1=Chavko, J. |author2=Danko, Š. |author3=Obuch, J. |author4=Mihók, J.  |name-list-style=amp |year=2007|title=The food of the Imperial Eagle (''Aquila heliaca'') in Slovakia|journal= Slovak Raptor Journal|volume= 1|issue=1 |pages= 1–18|doi=10.2478/v10262-012-0001-y|s2cid=85142585 |doi-access=free}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal|author=Jenkins, M. A. |year=1978|title=Gyrfalcon nesting behavior from hatching to fledging|jstor=4085502|url=https://sora.unm.edu/node/23099|journal= Auk |volume=95|issue=1|pages=122–127|doi=10.2307/4085502|url-access=subscription}}</ref> Because they are potentially hazardous prey for raptorial birds, raptors must usually take them by surprise and most attacks are on fledgling ravens.