Editing Companions of the Prophet (section)

==Hadith==

===Sunni views===
According to the ''[[History of the Prophets and Kings]]'', after the death of the [[Prophets and messengers in Islam|Islamic prophet]] Muhammad, [[Abu Bakr]], [[Umar]] and [[Abu Ubaidah ibn al-Jarrah|Abu Ubaydah ibn al-Jarrah]] and the [[Ansar (Islam)|Anṣār]] of [[Medina]] held consultations and selected Abu Bakr as the first caliph. Then [[Abd al-Rahman ibn Awf]] and [[Uthman]], companion and son-in-law of Muhammad and also essential chief of the [[Banu Umayyah]], selected Umar as the second caliph after the death of Abu Bakr and the other Anṣār and [[Muhajirun]] accepted him.<ref name="Fitzpatrick">{{cite book |last1=Fitzpatrick |first1=Coeli |last2=Walker |first2=Adam Hani |author-link2=Adam Hani Walker |title=Muhammad in History, Thought, and Culture: An Encyclopedia of the Prophet of God &#91;2 volumes&#93; |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=2AtvBAAAQBAJ&pg=PA566 |year=2014 |publisher=ABC-CLIO |isbn=978-1-61069-178-9 |page=566}}</ref><ref name="Afsaruddin">{{cite web |last1=Afsaruddin |first1=Asma |title=Companions of the Prophet (2008) |url=http://www.oxfordislamicstudies.com/article/opr/t236/e1101 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190919043405/http://www.oxfordislamicstudies.com/article/opr/t236/e1101 |url-status=dead |archive-date=September 19, 2019 |website=oxford islamic studies}}</ref> Sunni Muslim scholars classified companions into many categories, based on a number of criteria. The hadith quoted above{{efn|[https://sunnah.com/bukhari Sahih al-Bukhari, 3:48:820]}}{{efn|[https://sunnah.com/muslim Sahih Muslim, 31:6150]}} shows ranks of ''ṣaḥābah, tābi'īn,'' and ''tābi' at-tābi'īn.'' [[Al-Suyuti]] recognized eleven levels of companionship.

The [[List of expeditions of Muhammad|general involvement in military campaign with Muhammad]] by the ṣaḥāba was highlighted by the [[Tabi' al-Tabi'in|third generation scholar]] named [[Abd Allah ibn al-Mubarak|Ibn al-Mubarak]], who was once asked to choose between [[Mu'awiya I|Mu'awiya ibn Abi Sufyan]], who was a companion, and [[Umar II|Umar ibn 'Abd al-'Aziz]], who was famous for his piety. Ibn al-Mubarak simply responded: "''...dust particles in Mu'awiya's nose (while fighting in Hunayn under Muhammad) were better than six hundred Umar (ibn 'Abd al-'Aziz)..."''<ref name="Muslimah.or.id">{{cite web |last1=Nur Baits |first1=Ammi |title=Muawiyah, Gerbang Kehormatan Sahabat (2)|trans-title=Muawiyah, the Gate of Honor for Companions(2); quoting various sources including Al-Bidayah wa An-Nihayah, Ibnu Katsir, 8:139 |url=https://muslimah.or.id/5494-muawiyah-gerbang-kehormatan-sahabat-2.html |website=Muslimah.or.id |date=10 March 2014 |access-date=22 November 2021}}</ref>

===Shia views===
Following the [[Saqifah|consultation of companions]] about the successor of Muhammad, Shi'i scholars, therefore, deprecate hadith believed to have been transmitted from alleged unjust companions and place much more reliance on hadith believed to have been related by Muhammad's family members, the [[Ahl al-Bayt]], and by the companions who supported [[Ali]]. The Shia claim that Muhammad announced his successor during his lifetime at Da'wat Dhu al-Ashira,<ref>{{cite book |last1=Burton |first1=Sir Richard |title=The Jew the Gypsy and El Islam |date=1898 |location=San Francisco}}</ref> then many times during his prophethood and finally at the [[event of Ghadir Khumm]].<ref>{{cite book |last1=Razwy |first1=Sayed Ali Asgher |title=A Restatement of the History of Islam & Muslims |page=276}}</ref>

Shias consider that any hadith where Muhammad is claimed to have absolved all ṣaḥābah from sin is a false report by those who opposed the Ahl al-Bayt.<ref name="noormags 02">{{cite web |last1=Hadi |first1=Muhammad |title=Companions of the Prophet in view of Quran and Imams |url=https://www.noormags.ir/view/fa/articlepage/300525/%D8%B5%D8%AD%D8%A7%D8%A8%D9%87-%D8%A7%D8%B2-%D9%86%D8%B8%D8%B1-%D9%82%D8%B1%D8%A2%D9%86-%D9%88-%D8%A7%D9%87%D9%84-%D8%A8%DB%8C%D8%AA-%D8%B9%D9%84%DB%8C%D9%87%D9%85-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B3%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%85?q=%D8%B5%D8%AD%D8%A7%D8%A8%D9%87%20%D8%A7%D8%B2%20%D9%86%D8%B8%D8%B1%20%D9%82%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%86%20%D9%88%20%D8%A7%D9%87%D9%84%20%D8%A8%DB%8C%D8%AA%20%D8%B9%D9%84%DB%8C%D9%87%D9%85%20%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B3%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%85&score=355.3409&rownumber=1 |website=noormags}}</ref>