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Compound steam engine
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===Multiple-expansion=== [[File:Coldharbour Mill steam engine - geograph.org.uk - 682088.jpg|thumb|The [[Coldharbour Mill Working Wool Museum|Coldharbour Mill]] Pollit and Wigzell cross-compound engine, which drives the rope race seen in the background, transmitting power to line shafts on all five levels of the mill]] *1861 β [[Daniel Adamson]] took out a patent for a multiple-expansion engine, with three or more cylinders connected to one beam or crankshaft. He built a triple-expansion engine for [[List of mills in Tameside|Victoria Mills, Dukinfield]] which opened in 1867.{{sfnp|Hills|1989|p=241}} *1871 β Charles Normand, of Le Havre fitted a triple-expansion engine to a Seine river boat in 1871.{{sfnp|Hills|1989|p=241}} *1872 β [[Frederick Bramwell|Sir Fredrick J. Bramwell]] reported that compound marine engines, operating at 45psi to 60psi, consumed 2 lbs to 2.5 lbs of coal per hour per indicated horsepower.{{sfnp|Hills|1989|p=241}} *1881 β [[Alexander Carnegie Kirk]] built [[SS Aberdeen (1881)|SS ''Aberdeen'']], the first major ship to be successfully powered by a triple expansion engine.<ref>Day, Lance and McNeil, Ian (Editors) 2013, [https://books.google.com/books?id=m8TsygLyfSMC&pg=PA694 ''Biographical Dictionary of the History of Technology''] Routledge, {{ISBN|0-203-02829-5}} (P. 694)</ref> The success relied on solving the problem of designing a boiler that could operate at the (then) high pressures needed to realise the benefits of triple expansion.<ref name="Griffiths">{{cite book |last=Griffiths|first=Denis|editor1-first=Robert|editor1-last= Gardiner|editor2-first=Dr. Basil|editor2-last= Greenhill |title=The Advent of Steam - The Merchant Steamship before 1900 |publisher=Conway Maritime Press Ltd |date=1993 |pages=106β126|chapter=Chapter 5: Triple Expansion and the First Shipping Revolution |isbn=0-85177-563-2}}</ref>{{rp|106β111}} *1887 β [[HMS Victoria (1887)|HMS ''Victoria'']] launched, the first battleship to be powered by triple expansion engines.<ref name=MOFWAR>{{cite book|title= Man of War a History of the Combat Vessel|last1=Macintyre|first1=Donald|last2=Bathe|first2=Basil W|publisher=Mcgraw-hill Inc|date=1974|isbn=9780070445857|page=95|work=Reference to the first battle ship with triple-expansion steam engines}}</ref> *1891 β Triple expansion compound marine engines, operating at 160psi, consumed on average about 1.5 lbs of coal per hour per indicated horsepower.{{sfnp|Hills|1989|p=241}}
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