Editing Contronym (section)

====Verbs====
* The [[German language|German]] verb ''[[wikt:ausleihen|ausleihen]]'', the [[Dutch language|Dutch]] verb ''[[wikt:lenen|lenen]]'', the [[Afrikaans language|Afrikaans]] verb ''[[wikt:leen|leen]]'', the [[Polish language|Polish]] verb [[wikt:pożyczyć|pożyczyć]], the [[Russian language|Russian]] verb ''[[wikt:одолжить|одолжить]]'' (''odolžítʹ''), the [[Finnish language|Finnish]] verb ''[[wikt:lainata|lainata]]'', and the [[Esperanto]] verb [[wikt:prunti|prunti]] can mean either "to lend" or "to borrow", with [[grammatical case|case]], pronouns, and mention of persons making the sense clear. The verb stem conveys that "a lending-and-borrowing event is occurring", and the other cues convey who is lending to whom. This makes sense because anytime lending is occurring, borrowing is simultaneously occurring; one cannot happen without the other.
* The [[German language|German]] verb ''[[wikt:umfahren|umfahren]]'' can mean either "to drive around" or "to run over". The two variants are distinguished by stress, though. The [[Afrikaans language|Afrikaans]] verb ''omry'' can also mean either "to drive around" or "to run over", but with no distinction in pronunciation.
* The [[Romanian language|Romanian]] verb ''a închiria'', the [[French language|French]] verb ''louer'', the [[Afrikaans Language|Afrikaans]] verb ''[[wikt:huur|huur]]'', the Finnish verb ''vuokrata''<ref>{{Cite web|title=sanakirja.org|url=https://www.sanakirja.org/search.php?id=119813&l2=3|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211126130436/https://www.sanakirja.org/search.php?id=119813&l2=3 |archive-date=2021-11-26 }}</ref> and the Spanish {{lang|es|alquilar}}<ref name="Verne" /> and {{lang|es|arrendar}}<ref name="Prieto">{{cite web |last1=Prieto García-Seco |first1=David |title=Rinconete. Lengua. «Huésped» o significar una cosa y la contraria |url=https://cvc.cervantes.es/el_rinconete/anteriores/mayo_21/28052021_01.htm |website=cvc.cervantes.es |publisher=Centro Virtual Cervantes |access-date=7 May 2023 |language=es |date=2021-05-28}}</ref> mean "to rent" (as the [[wikt:lessee#English|lessee]] does) as well as "to let" (as the [[wikt:lessor#English|lessor]] does). The [[English language| English]] verb ''{{wikt-lang|en|rent}}'' can also describe either the lessee's or the lessor's role.
* The [[Swahili language|Swahili]] verb ''kutoa'' means both "to remove" and "to add". 
* The [[Chinese language|Chinese]] word "打败" means both "to be defeated" and "to defeat".
* The [[Persian language|Persian]] verb چیدن (''čidan'') means both "to pluck" and "to arrange" (i.e. by putting objects down).
* In Spanish {{wikt-lang|es|dar}} (basic meaning "to give"), when applied to lessons or subjects, can mean "to teach", "to take classes" or "to recite", depending on the context.<ref name="DRAE dar">{{cite book| title=Diccionario de la lengua española |date=2021 |publisher=RAE-ASALE |edition=23 |url=https://dle.rae.es/dar?m=form |access-date=22 April 2022 |language=es |chapter=dar |quote=14. tr. Impartir una lección, pronunciar una conferencia o charla.  15. tr. Recibir una clase. Ayer dimos clase de matemáticas.  16. tr. Dicho de un alumno: Recitar la lección.}}</ref> Similarly with the [[French language|French]] verb ''[[wikt:apprendre|apprendre]]'', which usually means "to learn" but may refer to the action of teaching someone.<ref name="DRAE apprendre">{{cite book| title=Le Petit Robert, dictionnaire alphabétique et analogique de la langue française |date=2022 |publisher=Dictionnaires Le Robert – SEJER |url=https://dictionnaire.lerobert.com/definition/apprendre |access-date=30 March 2023 |language=fr |chapter=apprendre |quote=I. (sens subjectif) Être avisé, informé de (qqch.). II. (sens objectif) 2. Donner la connaissance, le savoir, la pratique de (qqch.).}}</ref> Dutch {{wikt-lang|nl|leren}} and [[Afrikaans language|Afrikaans]] {{wikt-lang|af|leer}}'' can mean "to teach" or "to learn".
* The [[Indonesian language|Indonesian]] verbs ''menghiraukan'' and ''mengacuhkan'' can mean "to regard" or "to ignore".
* The [[Malay language|Indonesian/Malay]] adjective ''usah'' can mean "required" or "discouraged" (disambiguated by the use of ''tidak'' or ''tak'' "don't").
* In [[Greek language|Greek]] some verbs that begine with the prefix "''από-''"  ''(apo-'') can have a contranym meaning. A prominent example is the verb "''[https://el.wiktionary.org/wiki/%CE%B1%CF%80%CE%BF%CF%86%CF%81%CE%AC%CE%B6%CF%89 αποφράζω]"''  means "''to plug something, to fill a hole''", and it usually used as a medical term, based on the original ancient Greek meaning. The more modern Greek meaning is "''to unplug something, remove a blockage''". Similar verbs are "''απογεμίζω''", that can both mean "''to fill up to a brim''" and "''to empty completely''" and "''απομαθαίνω''", that can both mean "''to learn something very well''" and "''to forget something I learned''".  The meaning that negates the main action, is usually a more modern Greek one. The prefix "apo-" sometimes enhances an action and sometimes negates it.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Sarantakos |first=Nikos |date=18 June 2014 |title=Απόφραξη σημαίνει βούλωμα ή ξεβούλωμα; |url=https://sarantakos.wordpress.com/2014/06/18/apofrax/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250521115028/https://sarantakos.wordpress.com/2014/06/18/apofrax/ |archive-date=21 May 2025 |access-date=21 May 2025 |website=Οι λέξεις έχουν τη δική τους ιστορία}}</ref>