Editing Convection oven (section)

==Air fryer==

[[File:Air Fryer 5458.jpg|thumb|An air fryer]]

An ''air fryer'' is a small countertop convection oven that is said to simulate [[deep frying]] without submerging the food in oil.<ref name= Wired-worth>{{cite magazine|url=https://www.wired.com/story/air-fryers/|title=Are air fryers worth it?|magazine=Wired|date=2018-05-10|access-date=2019-01-08|archive-date=2019-03-19|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190319035022/https://www.wired.com/story/air-fryers/|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="Clark" /> A [[Mechanical fan|fan]] circulates hot air<ref name= Wired-worth /> at a high speed, producing a crisp layer via browning reactions such as the [[Maillard reaction]]. Some product reviewers find that regular convection ovens or convection [[toaster oven]]s produce better results;<ref name= Wired-worth /> others say that air frying is essentially the same as convection baking,<ref>{{cite web |title=The Best Air Fryer |work=[[Wirecutter (website)|Wirecutter]] |publisher=[[The New York Times Company]] |url=https://www.nytimes.com/wirecutter/reviews/best-air-fryer/ |date=2022-03-22 |access-date=2021-04-02 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200926195933/https://www.nytimes.com/wirecutter/reviews/best-air-fryer/ |archive-date=2020-09-26 |last1=Sullivan |first1=Michael}}</ref> while still others praise the devices for cooking faster, being easier to clean, and making it easier to produce crispy results than full size convection ovens.<ref name=GH>{{cite web|url=https://www.goodhousekeeping.com/appliances/a33403402/air-fryer-vs-convection-oven/|title=Air Fryer vs. Convection Oven: What's the Difference?|website=Good Housekeeping|date=29 April 2024 }}</ref> The original Philips Air fryer used radiant heat from a heating element just above the food and convection heat from a strong air stream flowing upwards through the open bottom of the food chamber, delivering heat from all sides, with a small volume of hot air forced to pass from the heater surface and over the food, with no idle air circulating as in a convection oven. A shaped guide directed the airflow over the bottom of the food. The technique was patented as Rapid Air technology.<ref>{{cite web |url= http://apds.nl/development-en/what-is-rapid-air-technology/ |title= What is Rapid Air Technology? |website= APDS |date= 10 June 2016 |access-date= 5 May 2023 |archive-date= 20 March 2022 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20220320132512/http://apds.nl/development-en/what-is-rapid-air-technology/ |url-status= dead }}</ref><ref name=exnovate/>

Traditional [[frying]] methods induce the Maillard reaction at temperatures of {{cvt|140|to|165|°C}} by completely submerging foods in hot oil, well above the boiling point of water. The air fryer works by circulating air at up to {{cvt|200|°C}} to apply sufficient heat to food coated with a thin layer of oil, causing the reaction.<ref name= "McGee">{{cite book| first= Harold |last= McGee| title= On Food and Cooking: The Science and Lore of the Kitchen| year= 2004| publisher= Scribners |isbn= 978-0-68480001-1 | chapter = The Maillard Reaction; Caramelization | pages = 656–57; 778–79}}</ref> Most air fryers have temperature and timer adjustments that allow precise cooking. Food is typically cooked in a basket that sits on a drip tray. For best results the basket must be periodically agitated, either manually or by the fryer mechanism. Convection ovens and air fryers are similar in the way they cook food, but air fryers are smaller and give off less heat to the room.<ref name="Clark">{{cite news| first= Melissa| last= Clark| title= 6 Tips for Using Your Air Fryer| work= [[The New York Times]]| date= April 1, 2019| url= https://www.nytimes.com/2019/04/01/dining/air-fryer.html| access-date= July 10, 2020| archive-date= November 8, 2020| archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20201108022515/https://www.nytimes.com/2019/04/01/dining/air-fryer.html| url-status= live}}</ref> There are several types of household air fryer:

; Paddle: In this type, a paddle machine moves throughout the heating chamber to move the air around more evenly. This is more convenient for the user because other types of air fryers require manual stirring throughout to ensure that all sides are fully cooked. <ref>{{Cite web |last=D’Costa |first=Roja |date=2021-03-11 |title=What Is An Air Fryer? - Types Of Air Fryer - All Kitchen Reviews |url=https://allkitchenreviews.com/what-is-an-air-fryer-types-of-air-fryer/ |access-date=2024-02-08 |website=allkitchenreviews.com |language=en-US}}</ref>
; Cylindrical basket: A cylindrical basket is a small, single function air fryer that includes a drawer with a removable basket. A fan circulates from the top, and the food is cooked through holes in the basket. It can accommodate {{convert|2.8|L|USqt|abbr=off}} of food or less on average. Because of its compact size, it preheats faster than other types of air fryers.<ref name=4types>{{Cite web |title=4 Types of Air Fryers |url=https://kitcheninfinity.com/kitchen/tool/appliance/air-fryer/types/ |access-date=2024-02-08 |website=Kitchen Infinity |date=7 December 2021 |language=en-US}}</ref>
; Countertop convection oven: Countertop convection ovens come with an air frying feature that work the same way as basket type air fryers. They usually have multiple trays or racks, so multiple things can be cooked at the same time. It holds {{convert|24|L|USqt|0|abbr=off}} of food on average. They are more versatile than single function type because they have multiple features like baking, rotisserie, grilling, frying, broiling, and toasting.<ref name=4types/>
; Halogen: This type of air fryer cooks food with a [[Halogen oven|halogen radiant heat source]] from above. The heat is spread evenly with a fan like other types of air fryers. This type is usually a large glass bowl with a hinged lid.<ref>{{Cite web |author1=Cynthia Lawrence |date=2022-11-26 |title=Air fryer vs halogen oven — which is cheaper? |url=https://www.tomsguide.com/face-off/air-fryer-vs-halogen-oven-which-is-cheaper |access-date=2024-02-08 |website=Tom's Guide |language=en}}</ref>
; Oil-less turkey fryer: This is a large, barrel-shaped air fryer used to cook whole turkeys and other large pieces of meat. It circulates air around the drum to cook the meat evenly.<ref>{{Cite web |last=D'Costa |first=Roja |date=2021-03-11 |title=What Is an Air Fryer? - Types of Air Fryer |url=https://allkitchenreviews.com/what-is-an-air-fryer-types-of-air-fryer/ |access-date=2024-02-08 |publisher=All Kitchen Reviews |language=en-US}}</ref>

===History===
Dutch engineer Fred van der Weij invented the air fryer in 2006, so that he could cook crispy food with little oil.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2025-05-14 |title=BBC World Service - Witness History, How the air fryer was invented, 'My dad invented the air fryer' |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250514222839/https://www.bbc.co.uk/programmes/p0j9j11t |access-date=2025-05-14 |website=web.archive.org}}</ref> Four years later, van der Weij took his invention to [[Philips]], who launched the ''Airfryer'' in 2010.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2025-05-14 |title=The company that launched the air fryer {{!}} Business Leader |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250514222800/https://businessleader.co.uk/content/article/554/the-company-that-launched-the-air-fryer |access-date=2025-05-14 |website=web.archive.org}}</ref> Philips gave the name ''Rapid Air technology'' to the RUSH (''Radiant and UpStream Heatin''g) technology developed by APDS Development during the development of the ''Airfryer''.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-03-21 |title=What is Rapid Air Technology? - APDS |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230321064924/http://apds.nl/development-en/what-is-rapid-air-technology/ |access-date=2025-05-14 |website=web.archive.org}}</ref>