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===France=== Following the extinction of the [[Carolingian dynasty]] in [[West Francia]], the Western [[Franks|Frankish]] nobles elected [[Hugh Capet]] as their new king. Upon his ascension Hugh secured the election of his only son [[Robert II of France|Robert]] as his co-king.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.britannica.com/biography/Robert-II-king-of-France |title=Robert II king of France |publisher=Encyclopedia Britannica |date=July 16, 2022 |website=Britannica |access-date=July 21, 2022}}</ref> As such, when Hugh died it did not trigger an election for a new king, nor did Robert necessarily "inherit" the crown, but simply continued his kingship. Subsequent [[House of Capet|Capetian]] kings would also name their eldest son or brother as co-ruler, until the tradition of [[agnatic primogeniture]] was sufficiently established to transform the [[King of France]] from an [[elective monarchy|elected monarch]] to a [[hereditary monarchy|hereditary]] one.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.wondriumdaily.com/capetian-dynasty-and-the-end-of-civil-wars-in-france/#:~:text=The%20Capetians%20changed%20the%20practice%20and%20replaced%20partible%20inheritance%20with,got%20something%20to%20rule%20over. |title=Capetian Dynasty and the End of Civil Wars in France |last=Daileader |first=Philip |date=November 13, 2020 |website=Wondrium Daily |access-date=July 21, 2022}}</ref>
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