Editing Cranleigh (section)

==Geography==
{{see also|Surrey#Climate}}
{{maplink |title= Cranleigh |frame=yes |frame-width=300 |frame-height=300 |frame-lat=51.142 |frame-long=-0.488 |type=point |coord={{coord|51.142|-0.491}} |marker-size= small |type2=shape-inverse |id2= Q2681944 |stroke-width2= 4 |stroke-opacity2= 0.6 |fill2= #000000 |fill-opacity2= 0.05 |zoom=SWITCH:15;13;11 |switch= village centre; Cranleigh village; Cranleigh Civil Parish }}
Cranleigh village is {{convert|7.7|mi}} southeast of the county town of [[Surrey]], [[Guildford]], and {{convert|6.2|mi}} [[boxing the compass|ESE]] of [[Godalming]], which is the administrative centre of the borough of [[Waverley, Surrey|Waverley]].<ref name=grf/> In the centre of the civil parish are the greatest number of buildings, fanning out in many side roads and on the high street.<ref name=map>[http://list.english-heritage.org.uk/mapsearch.aspx Map] created by [[Ordnance Survey]], courtesy of [[English Heritage]] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120424060625/http://list.english-heritage.org.uk/mapsearch.aspx |date=24 April 2012 }}</ref> [[Cranleigh Waters]] also known as the Cranleigh Water, drains the village, before flowing to [[Shalford, Surrey|Shalford]] where it joins the River Wey, specifically in the small, formerly marsh-like locality of Peasmarsh, which still has water meadows lining the bank itself.<ref name=map/> [[Winterfold Forest]], a remaining higher part of the forest that occupies the northeast is on the [[Greensand Ridge]], which can be explored using in places roads or by the long-distance path, the [[Greensand Way]].<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.surreycc.gov.uk/greensandway |title=Surrey County Council – The Greensand Way |access-date=20 November 2012 |archive-date=22 January 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210122215257/https://www.surreycc.gov.uk/culture-and-leisure/countryside/walking/long-walks/the-greensand-way-long-distance-route |url-status=live }}</ref>

===Localities===
====Rowly====
[[File:Gaston Gate, NW of Cranleigh. - geograph.org.uk - 172375.jpg|thumb|left|Gaston Gate, Guildford Road, Rowly]]
Rowly is a neighbourhood {{convert|0.8|mi}} [[boxing the compass|NNW]] of the edge of the contiguous suburban part of Cranleigh that architecturally contains three Grade II [[listed building]]s.<ref name="map"/><ref name=grf>{{Cite web |url=http://www.gridreferencefinder.com/ |title=Grid reference Finder measurement tools |access-date=22 January 2021 |archive-date=12 September 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170912054323/http://gridreferencefinder.com/ |url-status=live }}</ref>
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Three surrounding farms have listed farmhouses, and one of these has a listed [[granary]].<ref name="map"/> Rowly is separated from Cranleigh by Manfield Park and Hollyhocks House.<ref name=map/>

====Baynards====
Baynards to the south is separated by a [[buffer zone|green buffer]] including the lake, Vachery Pond. It consists of fewer than 20 buildings. Reached by Knowle Lane, a rural road leading off of the high street, which is dotted with houses, the settlement lies east of that lane along another lane, Baynards Road. No other neighbourhoods or localities of importance exist in the civil parish as a whole.<ref name=map/><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.google.com/maps |title=Google Maps |access-date=15 November 2016 |archive-date=13 October 2001 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20011013091522/https://www.google.com/maps |url-status=live }}</ref>

===Elevations, soil and geology===
Elevations range from a maximum of 240 m [[Above Ordnance Datum|AOD]] (mean high water level) at the car park on Reynolds Hill in Winterfold Heath (a woodland in the north) to 41 m on the watercourse and the disused [[Wey and Arun Canal]] as they leave both the parish in the northwest extreme at the end of East Whipley Lane. The village centre lies at generally 50–70 m above AOD.

Soil consists in small areas of "naturally wet loamy soil"; the north and south of the village centre and all surrounding areas are "slowly permeable seasonally wet slightly acid but base-rich loamy and clayey soils".<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.landis.org.uk/soilscapes/ |title=National Soil Resources Institute, Cranfield University |access-date=20 November 2012 |archive-date=2 June 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130602134653/https://www.landis.org.uk/soilscapes/ |url-status=live }}</ref>

[[Gault Clay]] and the [[Upper Greensand]] [[deposition (geology)|deposit]]s form the deep soil, more evident where erosion has taken place on steeper hillslopes in the civil parish. The Gault Clay contains phosphate-rich nodules in discrete bands and has a rich marine fauna with abundant ammonites, bivalves and gastropods. The Upper Greensand comprises a variety of sediments with fine silts at the base, giving way upwards into sandstones. Just before the [[paleogene]] which included the mass-extinction event of the non-avian dinosaurs, sea levels dropped, exposing Sussex and Kent; marine Upnor Beds were deposited in [[Surrey]]. In the paleogene, Southern England slightly rose and the seas retreated and reddish and mottled clays of the [[Reading Beds]] were deposited by a large river sand delta system including across much of the [[Weald]] (which covers much of [[Sussex]] and [[Kent]] as well). Later, a rise in sea level around 50 million years ago caused widespread deposition, until 2 million years ago, of the [[London Clay]] across the county. The London Clay is a bluish-grey marine clay with isolated pockets of fossils especially where chalkier. The youngest part of the London Clay is known as the [[Claygate Beds]] and sand and soft sandstone of the [[Bagshot Formation]], though in many areas such as this generally eroded, followed in most cases by a variable thickness of organic [[humus]].<ref>[http://www.naturalengland.org.uk/ourwork/conservation/geodiversity/englands/counties/area_ID34.aspx Natural England – Geodiversity] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131002010627/http://www.naturalengland.org.uk/ourwork/conservation/geodiversity/englands/counties/area_ID34.aspx |date=2 October 2013 }}</ref>