Editing Cui Jian (section)

===1989–1990: ''Rock 'N' Roll on the New Long March'', Tiananmen Square Incident and banned from performing===
In February 1989, Cui and the ADO band released China's first original rock album ''[[Rock 'N' Roll on the New Long March]]'', which was also China's first album recorded using [[Electronic musical instrument|electric instruments]] like [[Bass guitar|electric bass]], [[Electric guitar|guitars]], and [[Electronic drum|drums]]. Taiwanese music critic {{ill|Ma Shih-fang|zh|馬世芳}} described the album as "a knife that sliced Chinese music history into 'before Cui Jian' and 'after Cui Jian'".<ref name="ttwz">{{cite web|author=Ji Yi|work=[[Sina Corporation|Sina]]|language=zh-cn|url=https://top.sina.cn/zx/2016-09-20/tnews-ifxvyqwa3578528.d.html|title=崔健“一无所有” 三十年|date=September 20, 2016}}</ref><ref name="ligy" /><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.lifeweek.com.cn/article/77479|title=31首歌|work=[[Sanlian Lifeweek]]|date=August 12, 2019|language=zh-cn}}</ref> Cui himself characterized the album's style as "rock with a touch of [[world music]]" and [[pop-rock]].<ref name="mgz" /><ref name="zgxwzk" /> The album broke sales records and became the biggest selling album in China’s history at the time.<ref>{{cite web|work=[[The Beijinger]]|date=April 13, 2022|url=https://www.thebeijinger.com/blog/2022/04/13/rock-out-online-friday-chinas-godfather-rock-cui-jian|title=Rock Out Online This Friday with China's 'Godfather of Rock', Cui Jian|author=Vincent R. Vinci}}</ref> It was also certified double platinum in Taiwan and platinum in Hong Kong,<ref name="cjyscj">{{cite web|url=https://www.chinadaily.com.cn/hqylss/2006-03/09/content_530245.htm|title=崔健艺术成就|work=[[China Daily]]|date=March 9, 2006|language=zh-cn}}</ref><ref name="knhn" /> and listed in ''The 200 Best Taiwanese Popular Music Albums'', a compilation jointly published by {{ill|China Times Publishing|zh|時報文化}} and the {{ill|China Musicians Exchange Association|zh|中華音樂人交流協會}}.<ref>{{cite web|author=Li Ji|url=https://www.chinanews.com.cn/yl/kong/news/2009/02-09/1555575.shtml|title=中国摇滚教父崔健《一无所有》入选台湾最佳专辑|date=February 9, 2009|language=zh-cn|work=[[China News Service]]}}</ref> This album is considered to have sparked the golden age of Chinese rock.<ref>{{cite web|date=May 30, 2022|url=http://finance.ce.cn/stock/gsgdbd/202205/30/t20220530_37691446.shtml|title=不爱鲜肉爱老炮！豪掷千万请崔健罗大佑开唱，这位幕后金主想收割的不止70后|work=[[Economic Daily]]|language=zh-cn}}</ref>

In early 1989, Cui performed at the "[[Printemps de Bourges]]" International Rock Festival in [[Paris]], France, and was received by former French Prime Minister [[Jacques Chirac]].<ref name="fce" /> He also represented mainland China respectively in London at the Salem Music Awards Show in March.<ref name="smas">{{cite thesis|author=Sitong Li|title=Underground Rock Music in Inland Chinese Cities: An Ethnographic Study of the Music andIdeology of the Developing Zhengzhou Rock Music Scene, 2000-2023|date=2023|publisher=[[University of Alberta]]|degree=MSc}}</ref><ref name="fce" /> In the same month, Cui held the Rock 'N' Roll on the New Long March Concert at the [[Beijing Exhibition Center|Beijing Exhibition Hall]], attracting an audience of two thousand. During intermission, upon overhearing someone remark, "Isn't this just a bunch of hoodlums?" Cui took the microphone and addressed the crowd: "Someone just called us a bunch of hoodlums. If that person doesn't feel ashamed, then we take this as a great honor!" The venue erupted with cheers and thunderous applause.<ref name="cwr">{{cite web|author=Feng Xiang|title=崔健和他的年代|url=https://www.chinawriter.com.cn/wxpl/2013/2013-01-22/152598.html|date=January 22, 2013|language=zh-cn|website=[[China Writers Association|chinawriter.com.cn]]}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://m.21jingji.com/article/20220416/herald/fba8b6c7e317826c4d4bb8f16ad9059d.html|title=崔健：“我没那么较劲了”|work=[[21st Century Business Herald]]|date=April 16, 2022|language=zh-cn}}</ref> [[EMI]] wanted to release a live video album of this concert, but Cui was dissatisfied with the filming and editing approach, feeling that "this is packaging me as a pop star". The collaboration, worth a million [[Hong Kong dollars]], ultimately fell apart.<ref>{{cite web|author=Lun Bing|url=https://epaper.ynet.com/html/2015-05/25/content_134617.htm|title=这次我真的离开了你们这些乐坛大腕儿|work=[[Beijing Youth Daily]]|date=May 25, 2015|language=zh-cn}}</ref>

Cui reached the apex of his popularity during the [[Tiananmen Square protests of 1989]], when "Nothing to My Name" became an anthem to pro-democracy demonstrators.<ref>{{cite web|author=Mark Macdonald|url=https://archive.nytimes.com/rendezvous.blogs.nytimes.com/2012/08/27/in-chinese-rock-the-times-they-arent-a-changin/|title=Freedom Rock? Not In China|work=[[The New York Times]]|date=August 27, 2012}}</ref> Wu Wenjian, a witness to the 1989 Tiananmen protest, recalled that on the square at that time, the most commonly sung song by college students was "Nothing to My Name".<ref>{{cite web|work=[[Deutsche Welle]]|url=https://www.dw.com/zh/%E5%B4%94%E5%81%A5%E6%8B%92%E7%BB%9D%E6%8E%A5%E5%8F%97%E5%AE%A1%E6%9F%A5%E4%B8%8E%E6%98%A5%E6%99%9A%E8%AF%B4%E5%86%8D%E8%A7%81/a-17365937|title=崔健与春晚说再见|language=zh-hans|date=January 16, 2014}}</ref> Cui was affirmed by [[Wu'er Kaixi]], one of the prominent leaders of the movement, as highly influential among young Chinese of the time.<ref name="book64">{{Cite book|title=China off center : mapping the margins of the middle kingdom|last=BLUM|first=SUSAN|date=2002|publisher=University of Hawai'i Press|others=Blum, Susan Debra,, Jensen, Lionel M.|isbn=0585464022|location=Honolulu|pages=[https://archive.org/details/chinaoffcenterma0000unse/page/291 291]|oclc=52763644|url=https://archive.org/details/chinaoffcenterma0000unse/page/291}}</ref> On May 20, Cui walked onto the makeshift stage at Tiananmen Square to give a performance for [[Tiananmen hunger strikes|students on hunger strike]].<ref name="was64">{{cite web|author=Max Fisher|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/worldviews/wp/2013/06/04/this-is-the-song-of-tiananmen-blindfold-my-eyes-and-cover-the-sky/|title=This is the song of Tiananmen: 'Blindfold my eyes and cover the sky'|date=June 4, 2013|work=[[The Washington Post]]}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.rfa.org/mandarin/Xinwen/7-02092014115947.html|title=崔健：只要毛像还挂天安门 时代就没有改变|work=[[Radio Free Asia]]|date=February 9, 2014|language=zh-hans}}</ref> The crowds at Tiananmen were thrilled to receive him, and Cui later described it "felt like a big party". Although he was "really clear about standing on the students' side", he heard someone asking him to "get out of the square" because the students were very weak.<ref name="was64" /> He impromptu performanced songs including "Start Over" and "Piece of Red Cloth" and received a warm welcome.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.rfa.org/mandarin/yataibaodao/kejiaowen/hc-04152022101657.html|title=崔健线上演唱会爆棚 他还是从前的他？|work=[[Radio Free Asia]]|date=April 15, 2022|language=zh-hans}}</ref> Despite the students' lack of energy, Cui "made them pretty crazy".<ref>{{cite web|date=August 25, 2010|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-pacific-11067241|title=Chinese rock legend sings on|work=[[BBC]]|author=Michael Bristow}}</ref> The following government crackdown forced many rock musicians, Cui included, into hiding in the [[Provinces of China|other provinces]]. Sanctions proved relatively temporary, and Cui was able to return to Beijing shortly afterward.<ref name="book64" /> There has been no further sanctions targeting him.<ref>{{cite web|work=[[United Press International|UPI]]|url=https://www.upi.com/Archives/1989/11/26/A-Chinese-business-executive-sporting-a-cashmere-sweater-and/4513628059600/|title=A Chinese business executive sporting a cashmere sweater and...|date=November 26, 1989|author=Ruth Youngblood}}</ref> Chinese rock music faced criticism by the authorities due to the movement. At an official music symposium convened in 1990, it was asserted that ''Rock 'N' Roll on the New Long March'' bore "practically no difference" from "Western Beatles-style '[[protest song]]s or [[Music and politics|political songs]]'".<ref name="rockta64">{{cite thesis|title=20世纪80年代中国摇滚乐研究|language=zh-cn|degree=MSc|date=May 20, 2014|author=Sun Huihui|publisher=[[Shandong Normal University]]}}</ref> The Minister of Culture, [[Wang Meng (author)|Wang Meng]], who had praised Cui's qualities and encouraged independent creation, resigned after the massacre.<ref name="pierrehaski" />

In early 1990, Cui started his first rock tour entitled the "New Long March", to raise money for the [[1990 Asian Games]]. Because of his admiration for Cui Jian, [[Zhang Baifa]], Vice Mayor of Beijing, approved the tour.<ref name="book64"/><ref name="cwr" /> This was the largest-scale rock tour in mainland China at the time.<ref>{{cite web|author=Zhai Yi|language=zh-cn|url=https://yule.sohu.com/19/29/earticle164062919.shtml|title=谈“为某楼盘献唱” 崔健:我觉得商演没什么(图)|date=February 7, 2002|work=[[:zh:每日新报|Morning Post]]}}</ref> In [[Chengdu]], Cui performed his song "Last Shot".<ref name="nyls" /> The song was written in 1987, when Cui was inspired by the [[Sino-Vietnamese War]].<ref name="hkfp">{{cite web|author=Elson Tong|url=https://hongkongfp.com/2016/06/04/the-last-gunshot-the-musical-legacy-of-the-1989-tiananmen-massacre/|title=The Last Gunshot: The musical legacy of the 1989 Tiananmen Massacre|date=June 4, 2016|work=[[Hong Kong Free Press]]}}</ref> After the performance concluded, he said, "We hope the gunfire heard last year was the last shot." The audience erupted in cheers.<ref name="nyls" /><ref>{{cite web|author=Li Chih-ming|url=https://opinion.udn.com/opinion/story/12369/3814696|title=那些被遺忘的，還有歌聲讓我們記住——追憶六四歌曲傷痕史|language=zh-tw|work=[[United Daily News]]|date=May 21, 2019}}</ref> Midway through the tour, the government terminated the performance and cancelled the remainder of the tour. Chinese photographer Xiao Quan stated that Cui's performance was reported as excessively incendiary, "clearly an attempt to incite revolution".<ref name="cwr" /> David R. Schweisberg from [[United Press International|UPI]] observed that Cui's performances routinely incite young Chinese to flash the [[V sign#Victory sign|V-for-victory sign]], the emblem of Tiananmen Square Incident.<ref>{{cite web|work=[[United Press International|UPI]]|author=David R. Schweisberg|date=June 2, 1990|url=https://www.upi.com/Archives/1990/06/02/On-the-walk-up-third-floor-of-a-dilapidated-building/4092644299200/|title=On the walk-up third floor of a dilapidated building...}}</ref> Other possible causes include the crowds were getting too large and unruly.<ref>{{cite web|date=April 10, 2005|url=https://www.scmp.com/article/496083/free-radical|title=THE FREE RADICAL|author=Jon Campbell|work=[[South China Morning Post]]}}</ref> As a result, for much of the 1990s, he was unofficially banned from performing in Beijing and carefully monitored when he gave concerts elsewhere.<ref name="nyd" /><ref>{{Cite book |last=O'Dell |first=David |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=bfL_T8VhKFsC |title=Inseparable, the Memoirs of an American and the Story of Chinese Punk Rock |date=2014-05-12 |publisher=David O'Dell |isbn=978-1-257-88003-4 |pages=28 |language=en}}</ref> Chinese music-lovers at that time considered seeing one of Cui's underground shows at venues around Beijing as a "badge of honor".<ref>{{cite web|author=Steven Schwankert|url=https://www.thebeijinger.com/blog/2016/05/23/godfather-rock-cui-jian-hold-30-year-retrospective-concert-september-30|title='Godfather of Rock' Cui Jian to Hold 30-Year Retrospective Concert, Sep 30|date=May 23, 2016|work=[[The Beijinger]]}}</ref>

After recording ''Rock 'N' Roll on the New Long March'', Cui ceased working with Ado.<ref name="zjw" />{{Rp|page=154}} He formed his own band featuring Japanese guitarist Masaaki Amari, bassist Liu Junli, drummer Ma He, and keyboardist Wang Yong.<ref name="infjmgy">{{cite web|date=January 17, 2013|url=https://www.infzm.com/wap/#/content/85283?source=131|title=【他，崔健】“一种是平均主义，一种是崔健模式” ——崔健恩怨篇|author=Feng Xiang|language=zh-cn|work=[[Southern Weekly]]}}</ref>