Editing Delaware languages (section)

==Vocabulary==

===Loan words===

Both Munsee and Unami have loan words from European languages, reflecting early patterns of contact between Delaware speakers and European traders and settlers. The first Europeans to have sustained contact with the Delaware were Dutch explorers and traders, and loan words from Dutch are particularly common. Dutch is the primary source of loan words in Munsee and Unami.<ref>Goddard, Ives, 1974a</ref>

Because many of the early encounters between Delaware speakers and Dutch explorers and settlers occurred in Munsee territory, Dutch loanwords are particularly common in Munsee, although there are also a number in Unami as well.

Many Delaware borrowings from Dutch are nouns that name items of material culture that were presumably salient or novel for Delaware speakers, as is reflected in the following borrowed words.<ref>Examples in table are from Goddard, Ives, 1974a</ref>

{|class="wikitable plainrowheaders"
|+ Munsee and Unami Words From Dutch
|-
! scope="col" | Munsee
! scope="col" | Unami
! scope="col" | Dutch
|-
| scope="row" | {{lang|umu|hé·mpət|italic=no}}
| {{lang|unm|hémpəs|italic=no}} || {{lang|nl|hemd}} {{IPA|[hɛmpt]|lang=nl}} 'shirt, vest'
|-
| scope="row" | {{lang|umu|á·pə̆ləš|italic=no}}
| {{lang|unm|á·p·ələš|italic=no}} || {{lang|nl|appels}} {{IPA|['ɑpəls]|lang=nl}} 'apples'
|-
| scope="row" | {{lang|umu|kə̆nó·p|italic=no}}
| {{lang|unm|kənó·p|italic=no}} || {{lang|nl|knoop}} {{IPA|[kno:p]|lang=nl}} 'button'
|-
| scope="row" | {{lang|umu|šə̆mə́t|italic=no}}
| {{lang|unm|šəmit|italic=no}} || {{lang|nl|smid}} {{IPA|[smɪt]|lang=nl}} 'blacksmith'
|-
| scope="row" | {{lang|umu|pó·təl|italic=no}}
| {{lang|unm|pó·t·əl|italic=no}} || {{lang|nl|boter}} {{IPA|['bo:tər]|lang=nl}} 'butter'
|-
| scope="row" | {{lang|umu|šó·kəl|italic=no}}
| {{lang|unm|šó·k·əl|italic=no}} || {{lang|nl|suiker}} {{IPA|['sœɥkər]|lang=nl}} 'sugar'
|-
| scope="row" | {{lang|umu|mó·kəl|italic=no}}
| {{lang|unm|mɔ́·k·əl|italic=no}} || {{lang|nl|moker}} {{IPA|['mo:kər]|lang=nl}} 'maul', 'sledgehammer'
|}

More recent borrowings tend to be from English such as the following Munsee loan words: {{lang|umu|ahtamó·mpi·l}} 'automobile'; {{lang|umu|kátəl}} 'cutter'; {{lang|umu|nfó·təw}} 's/he votes'.<ref>Examples retranscribed using phonetic symbols, from O'Meara, John, 1996</ref>

There is one known Swedish loan word in Unami: {{lang|unm|típa·s}} 'chicken', from Swedish {{lang|sv|tippa}}, 'a call to chickens'.<ref>Goddard, Ives, 1974a, p. 158</ref>