Editing Demonstrative (section)

==Discourse deixis==
{{main|Deixis}}
As mentioned above, while the primary function of demonstratives is to provide spatial references of concrete objects (''that (building)'', ''this (table)''), there is a secondary function: referring to items of discourse.<ref name="Næss">{{Cite book| veditors=Næss Å, Margetts A, Treis Y| title =   Demonstratives in discourse| place = Berlin| publisher = Language Science Press| date = 2020| format = pdf| url = http://langsci-press.org/catalog/book/282| doi = 10.5281/zenodo.4054814 | doi-access=free| isbn = 978-3-96110-287-7| last1 = Næss| first1 = Åshild| last2 = Treis| first2 = Yvonne| last3 = Margetts| first3 = Anna}}</ref> For example:

:''This sentence is short.''
:''This is what I mean: I am happy with him.''
:''That way of looking at it is wrong.''
:''I said her dress looked hideous. She didn't like that.''

In the above, ''this sentence'' refers to the sentence being spoken, and the pronoun ''this'' refers to what is about to be spoken; ''that way'' refers to "the previously mentioned way", and the pronoun ''that'' refers to the content of the previous statement. These are abstract entities of discourse, not concrete objects. Each language may have subtly different rules on how to use demonstratives to refer to things previously spoken, currently being spoken, or about to be spoken. In English, ''that'' (or occasionally ''those'') refers to something previously spoken, while ''this'' (or occasionally ''these'') refers to something about to be spoken (or, occasionally, something being simultaneously spoken).{{citation needed|date=July 2012}}