Editing Dipsacus (section)

==Cultivation and uses==
[[Image:Dipsacus fullonum MHNT.BOT.2005.0.269.jpg|thumb|right|Teasel combs]]

Since Roman times, [[Fuller's teasel]] (the [[cultivar|cultivar group]] ''Dipsacus fullonum'' Sativus Group; syn. ''D. sativus'') was widely used in [[textile]] processing, as it provides a natural [[comb]] for cleaning, aligning and [[nap (textile)|raising the nap]] on fabrics, particularly [[wool]] (i.e. '[[fulling]]').<ref>"Teasel." ''The Oxford English Dictionary''. 2nd ed. 1989.</ref><ref>{{cite encyclopedia |title=Teasel |url=https://www.britannica.com/plant/teasel#ref237645 |date=24 May 2019 |encyclopedia=Encyclopedia Britannica |access-date=11 March 2024 |language=en}}</ref> The product of the teasing process is called [[teased wool]]. The cultivar differs from the wild type in having stouter, somewhat recurved spines on the seed heads. The dried flower heads were attached to spindles, wheels, or cylinders, sometimes called teasel frames, to raise the nap on fabrics (that is, to tease the fibres).<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://trowbridgemuseum.co.uk/raising-shearing-and-pressing/|title=Teasel Handles and Teasel Gigs in the Trowbridge Museum|access-date=January 16, 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130208185353/http://trowbridgemuseum.co.uk/raising-shearing-and-pressing/|archive-date=February 8, 2013|url-status=dead}}</ref> By the 20th century, teasels had been largely replaced by metal [[carding|cards]], which can be made uniformly and do not require constant replacement as the teasel heads wear. However, some people who weave wool still prefer to use teasels for raising the nap,{{citation needed|reason=Who are the persons who prefer teasel for raising the nap? |date=January 2016}} claiming that the result is better; in particular, if a teasel meets serious resistance in the fabric, it will break, whereas a metal tool will rip the cloth.

[[Image:Dipsacus_sativus_MHNT.BOT.2016.24.75.jpg|thumb|left|Dried teasel flower head, used to raise the [[nap (textile)|nap]] on cloth]]

[[Image:Teasel (24585488046).jpg|thumb|right|Teasel growing in the [[wild garden]] of [[Corpus Christi College, Oxford]]]]

Teasels are also occasionally grown as [[ornamental plant]]s, and the dried heads are used in [[floristry]].

Teasels have been naturalised in many regions away from their native range, partly due to the import of fuller's teasel for textile processing, and partly by the seed being a contaminant mixed with crop seeds.

Common teasel (''Dipsacus fullonum'') and cut-leaved teasel (''Dipsacus laciniatus'') have both been observed as invasive species in the United States. Common is more widespread, but cut-leaved is more aggressive.{{citation needed|date=November 2014}}

Due to the chemical [[dipsacus saponin C]], ''Dipsacus asper'' has medically significant procoagulant properties, likely due to [[Calcium channel|an increase of intracellular calcium]], and [[apoptosis]] of [[mitochondria]].<ref>{{cite journal|title=Procoagulant and prothrombotic effects of the herbal medicine, ''Dipsacus asper'' and its active ingredient, dipsacus saponin C, on human platelets.|vauthors=Song JS, Lim KM, Kang S, Noh JY, Kim K, Bae ON, Chung JH|journal=Journal of Thrombosis and Haemostasis|pmid=22405282|date= May 10, 2012|doi=10.1111/j.1538-7836.2012.04685.x|volume=10|issue=5|pages=895–906|s2cid=13255477|doi-access=free}}</ref> This presents a considerable risk to the average user but may be beneficial in certain circumstances.<ref>{{cite web|title= Procoagulant Therapy for Bleeding Associated with Acquired Bleeding Disorders Adult Inpatient Clinical Practice Guideline | url=http://www.uwhealth.org/files/uwhealth/docs/anticoagulation/Procoagulant_Guideline.pdf| author=UW Health}}</ref>