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===Islamic world=== [[File:Al-zahrawi surgical tools.png|thumb|upright|Page from a 1531 Latin translation by Peter Argellata of [[Al-Zahrawi]]'s c. 1000 treatise on surgical and medical instruments]] From the beginning of the [[Islam]]ic faith in 610 [[A.D.]],<ref name=":7">{{Cite journal |last1=Mohammed |first1=Madadin |last2=Kharoshah |first2=Magdy |date=2014 |title=Autopsy in Islam and current practice in Arab Muslim countries |journal=Journal of Forensic and Legal Medicine|volume=23 |pages=80β3 |doi=10.1016/j.jflm.2014.02.005 |pmid=24661712 }}</ref> [[Shari'ah law]] has applied to a greater or lesser extent within Muslim countries,<ref name=":7" /> supported by Islamic scholars such as [[Al-Ghazali]].<ref name=Savage-Smith>{{Cite journal |first=Emilie |last=Savage-Smith|author-link=Emilie Savage-Smith|title=Attitudes toward dissection in medieval Islam |journal=Journal of the History of Medicine and Allied Sciences |year=1995 |volume=50 |issue=1 |pages=67β110 |pmid=7876530 |doi=10.1093/jhmas/50.1.67|doi-access=free }} </ref> Islamic physicians such as [[Ibn Zuhr]] (Avenzoar) (1091β1161) in [[Al-Andalus]],<ref>Ibn Zuhr and the Progress of Surgery, http://muslimheritage.com/article/ibn-zuhr-and-progress-surgery</ref> [[Saladin]]'s physician [[Ibn Jumay]] during the 12th century, [[Abd al-Latif al-Baghdadi (medieval writer)|Abd el-Latif]] in Egypt {{circa|1200}},<ref>Emilie Savage-Smith (1996), "Medicine", in Roshdi Rashed, ed., ''[[Encyclopedia of the History of Arabic Science]]'', Vol. 3, pp. 903β962 [951β952]. [[Routledge]], London and New York.</ref> and [[Ibn al-Nafis]] in Syria and Egypt in the 13th century may have practiced dissection,<ref name=Savage-Smith/><ref>{{cite journal | last1=Al-Dabbagh | first1=S.A. | year=1978 | title=Ibn Al-Nafis and the pulmonary circulation | doi=10.1016/s0140-6736(78)90318-5 | pmid=77431 | journal=[[The Lancet]] | volume=1 | issue=8074 | page=1148| s2cid=43154531 }}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |author=Hajar A Hajar Albinali | year=2004 | title=Traditional Medicine Among Gulf Arabs, Part II: Blood-letting | journal=Heart Views | volume=5 | issue=2 | pages=74β85}}</ref> but it remains ambiguous whether or not human dissection was practiced. Ibn al-Nafis, a physician and Muslim jurist, suggested that the "precepts of Islamic law have discouraged us from the practice of dissection, along with whatever compassion is in our temperament",<ref name=":2" /> indicating that while there was no law against it, it was nevertheless uncommon. Islam dictates that the body be buried as soon as possible, barring religious holidays, and that there be no other means of disposal such as cremation.<ref name=":7" /> Prior to the 10th century, dissection was not performed on human cadavers.<ref name=":7" /> The book ''Al-Tasrif'', written by [[Al-Zahrawi]] in 1000 A.D., details surgical procedure that differed from the previous standards.<ref name=":8">{{Cite journal |last1=Chavoushi |first1=Seyed Hadi |last2=Ghabili |first2=Kamyar |last3=Kazemi |first3=Abdolhassan |last4=Aslanabadi |first4=Arash |last5=Babapour |first5=Sarah |last6=Ahmedli |first6=Rafail |last7=Golzari |first7=Samad E.J. |date=August 2012 |title=Surgery for Gynecomastia in the Islamic Golden Age: Al-Tasrif of Al-Zahrawi (936-1013 AD) |journal= ISRN Surgery|volume=2012 |doi=10.5402/2012/934965 |pages=934965|pmid=23050167 |pmc=3459224 |doi-access=free }}</ref> The book was an educational text of medicine and surgery which included detailed illustrations.<ref name=":8" /> It was later translated and took the place of [[Avicenna]]'s ''The Canon of Medicine'' as the primary teaching tool in Europe from the 12th century to the 17th century.<ref name=":8" /> There were some that were willing to dissect humans up to the 12th century, for the sake of learning, after which it was forbidden. This attitude remained constant until 1952, when the Islamic School of Jurisprudence in Egypt ruled that "necessity permits the forbidden".<ref name=":7" /> This decision allowed for the investigation of questionable deaths by autopsy.<ref name=":7" /> In 1982, the decision was made by a fatwa that if it serves justice, autopsy is worth the disadvantages.<ref name=":7" /> Though Islam now approves of autopsy, the Islamic public still disapproves. Autopsy is prevalent in most Muslim countries for medical and judicial purposes.<ref name=":7" /> In [[Egypt]] it holds an important place within the judicial structure, and is taught at all the country's medical universities.<ref name=":7" /> In Saudi Arabia, whose law is completely dictated by Shari'ah, autopsy is viewed poorly by the population but can be compelled in criminal cases;<ref name=":7" /> human dissection is sometimes found at university level.<ref name=":7" /> Autopsy is performed for judicial purposes in [[Qatar]] and [[Tunisia]].<ref name=":7" /> Human dissection is present in the modern day Islamic world, but is rarely published on due to the religious and social stigma.<ref name=":7" />
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