Editing Doolittle Raid (section)

===Service of the returning crewmen===
[[File:208-PU-52-LL-12 (34371208606).jpg|thumb|Doolittle receiving the Medal of Honor in 1942 from President Roosevelt in a ceremony attended by (standing, L–R) Lt. Gen. H. H. Arnold, Josephine Doolittle, and Gen. George C. Marshall]]
Immediately following the raid, Doolittle told his crew that he believed the loss of all 16 aircraft, coupled with the relatively minor damage to targets, had rendered the attack a failure, and that he expected a [[court-martial]] upon his return to the United States.{{sfn|Doolittle|Glines|1991|p=12}} Instead, the raid bolstered American morale. Doolittle was promoted two grades to [[Brigadier general (United States)|brigadier general]] on 28 April while still in China, skipping the rank of colonel, and was presented with the [[Medal of Honor]] by Roosevelt upon his return to the United States in June. When General Doolittle toured the growing [[Eglin Field]] facility in July 1942 with commanding officer Col. [[Grandison Gardner]], the local paper of record (the ''Okaloosa News-Journal'', [[Crestview, Florida]]), while reporting his presence, made no mention of his still-secret recent training at Eglin. He went on to command the [[Twelfth Air Force]] in North Africa, the [[Fifteenth Air Force]] in the Mediterranean, and the Eighth Air Force in England during the next three years.

[[File:111-SC-21321AC (34281999011).jpg|thumb|An injured pilot<!--Who?--> receiving the Distinguished Flying Cross at Walter Reed Hospital from Maj. Gen. [[Millard Harmon|Millard F. Harmon]] in 1942]]
All 80 Raiders were awarded the [[Distinguished Flying Cross (United States)|Distinguished Flying Cross]], and those who were killed or wounded during the raid were awarded the [[Purple Heart]]. Every Doolittle Raider was also decorated by the Chinese government. In addition, Corporal David J. Thatcher (a flight engineer/gunner on Lawson's crew) and 1st Lt. Thomas R. White (flight surgeon/gunner with Smith) were awarded the [[Silver Star]] for helping the wounded crew members of Lt. Lawson's crew to evade Japanese troops in China. Finally, as Doolittle noted in his autobiography, he successfully insisted that all of the Raiders receive a promotion.{{full citation needed|date=September 2019}}

Twenty-eight of the crewmen remained in the [[China Burma India Theater of World War II|China Burma India theater]], including the entire crews of planes 4, 10, and 13, flying missions, most for more than a year; five were killed in action.{{refn|group=note |27 of the 28 flew B-25 combat missions with the 7th and 341st Bomb Groups. Three died on 3 June 1942 when their B-25s collided with a mountain in poor weather after bombing Lashio airfield in Burma, and two others on 18 October in the takeoff crash of their B-25 from Dinjan, India, on a bombing mission. 2nd Lt. Richard E. Cole, Doolittle's co-pilot, volunteered to fly air transport missions over [[the Hump]], which he did until May 1943, earning a second DFC.}}{{sfn|Okerstrom|2015|pp=140–141}} Nineteen crew members flew combat missions in the [[Mediterranean Theater of Operations|Mediterranean theater]] after returning to the United States, four of whom were killed in action and four becoming prisoners of war.{{refn|group=note |Jones, pilot of plane 5, flew missions in both the CBI and the Mediterranean, and was one of the four POWs.}} Nine crew members served in the [[European Theater of Operations]]; one was killed in action, and one, [[David M. Jones|David M. "Davy" Jones]], was shot down and became a POW in [[Stalag Luft III]] at Sagan, where he played a part in [[Stalag Luft III escape|The Great Escape]].<ref>{{cite book |last=Brickhill |first=Paul |author-link=Paul Brickhill |title=[[The Great Escape (book)|The Great Escape]] |location=New York |publisher=W.W. Norton & Co. |date=1950}}</ref> Altogether, 12 of the survivors died in air crashes within 15 months of the raid. Two survivors were separated from the USAAF in 1944 due to the severity of their injuries.<ref name="bravemen">Joyce, Todd. [http://www.doolittleraider.com/80_brave_men.htm "80 Brave Men: The Doolittle Tokyo Raiders Roster"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110520133800/http://doolittleraider.com/80_brave_men.htm |date=20 May 2011 }}. The Doolittle Tokyo Raiders, 10 December 2008. Retrieved 12 May 2009.</ref>

The 17th Bomb Group, from which the Doolittle Raiders had been recruited, received replacement crews and transferred to [[Barksdale Air Force Base|Barksdale Army Air Field]] in June 1942, where it converted to Martin B-26 Marauder medium bombers. In November 1942, it deployed overseas to North Africa, where it operated in the Mediterranean Theater of Operations with the Twelfth Air Force for the remainder of the war.