Editing Dreadlocks (section)

===Twentieth century into present day===
In the 1970s, Americans and Britons attended reggae concerts and were exposed to various aspects of Jamaican culture, including dreadlocks. [[Hippies]] related to the Rastafarian idea of rejecting [[capitalism]] and [[colonialism]], symbolized by the name "[[Babylon#Cultural importance|Babylon]]". Rastafarians rejected Babylon in multiple ways, including by wearing their hair naturally in locs to defy Western standards of beauty. The 1960s was the height of the [[civil rights movement]] in the U.S., and some White Americans joined Black people in the fight against inequality and [[Jim Crow laws|segregation]] and were inspired by Black culture. As a result, some White people joined the Rastafarian movement. Dreadlocks were not a common hairstyle in the United States, but by the 1970s, some White Americans were inspired by reggae music, the Rastafarian movement, and [[African-American hair|African-American hair culture]] and started wearing dreadlocks.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Loadenthal |first1=Michael |title=Jah People: The Cultural Hybridity of White Rastafarians |journal=Glocalism |date=2013 |volume=1 |pages=12–18 |url=https://glocalismjournal.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/03/loadenthal_gjcpi_2013_1.pdf |access-date=9 November 2023}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |last1=Wakengut |first1=Anastasia |title=Rastafari in Germany: Jamaican Roots and Global–Local Influences |journal=Student Anthropologist |date=2013 |volume=3 |issue=4 |pages=60–81 |doi=10.1002/j.sda2.20130304.0005 |doi-access=free }}</ref> According to authors Bronner and Dell Clark, the clothing styles worn by hippies in the 1960s and 1970s were copied from [[African-American culture]]. The word hippie comes from the [[African-American Vernacular English|African-American slang]] word [[Etymology of hippie|''hip'']]. African-American dress and hairstyles such as braids (often decorated with beads), dreadlocks, and language were copied by hippies and developed into a new countercultural movement used by hippies.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Bronner |last2=Dell Clark |title=Youth Cultures in America [2 volumes]: [2 volumes] |year=2016 |publisher=Bloomsbury Publishing USA |isbn=9781440833922 |page=358 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=N7vOEAAAQBAJ&pg=PA358}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |last1=Grossberg |first1=Lawrence |title=Cultural Studies: Volume 7 |year=2005 |publisher=Routledge |isbn=9781134863495 |page=408 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ErqIAgAAQBAJ&pg=PA408}}</ref>

In Europe in the 1970s, hundreds of Jamaicans and other [[Afro-Caribbean people|Caribbean people]] immigrated to metropolitan centers of London, [[Birmingham, England|Birmingham]], Paris, and Amsterdam. Communities of [[Jamaicans]], [[Caribbean people|Caribbeans]], and Rastas emerged in these areas. Thus Europeans in these metropolitan cities were introduced to Black cultures from the Caribbean and Rastafarian practices and were inspired by [[Culture of the Caribbean|Caribbean culture]], leading some of them to adopt Black hair culture, music, and religion. However, the strongest influence of Rastafari religion is among [[Black Europeans of African ancestry|Europe's Black population]].<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Savishinsky |first1=Neil J. |title=Transnational Popular Culture and the Global Spread of the Jamaican Rastafarian Movement |journal=NWIG: New West Indian Guide / Nieuwe West-Indische Gids |date=1994 |volume=68 |issue=3/4 |pages=265–267 |jstor=41849614 |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/41849614 |access-date=14 November 2023}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |last1=Cashmore |title=Rastaman (Routledge Revivals): The Rastafarian Movement in England |year=2013 |publisher=Routledge |isbn=9781135083748 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=QeRSAQAAQBAJ&dq=rasta+tam+hat&pg=PP1}}</ref>

When [[reggae music]], which espoused Rastafarian ideals, gained popularity and mainstream acceptance in the 1970s, thanks to [[Bob Marley]]'s music and cultural influence, dreadlocks (often called "dreads") became a notable fashion statement worldwide, and have been worn by prominent authors, actors, athletes, and rappers.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.essence.com/hair/dreadlocks/celebrities-with-dreadlocks/|title=19 Celebs Slaying In Beautiful Locs|website=Essence|language=en-US|access-date=2020-03-06}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal|last1=Kuumba|first1=M.|last2=Ajanaku|first2=Femi|date=1998|title=Dreadlocks: The Hair Aesthetics of Cultural Resistance and Collective Identity Formation|journal=Mobilization: An International Quarterly|volume=3|issue=2|pages=227–243|doi=10.17813/maiq.3.2.nn180v12hu74j318}}</ref> Rastafari influenced its members worldwide to embrace dreadlocks. Black Rastas loc their hair to embrace their African heritage and accept African features as beautiful, such as dark skin tones, Afro-textured hair, and African facial features.<ref>{{cite web |title=Dread History: The African Diaspora, Ethiopianism, and Rastafari |url=https://smithsonianeducation.org/migrations/rasta/rasessay.html |website=Smithsonianeducation.org |publisher=Smithsonian Institution |access-date=7 December 2023}}</ref>
[[File:MAVI Pitchfork Interview Profile.jpg|thumb|The rapper [[Mavi (rapper)|Mavi]] wearing dreadlocks]]
[[Hip Hop]] and [[Rapping|rap]] artists such as [[Lauryn Hill]], [[Lil Wayne]], [[T-Pain]], [[Snoop Dogg|Snoop Dog]], [[J. Cole|J-Cole]], [[Wiz Khalifa]], [[Chief Keef]], [[Lil Jon]], and other artists wear dreadlocks, which further popularized the hairstyle in the 1990s, early 2000s, and present day. Dreadlocks are a part of hip-hop fashion and reflect Black cultural music of liberation and identity.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Hook |first1=Sue |title=Hip-Hop Fashion |year=2010 |publisher=Capstone |isbn=9781429640176 |page=25 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Z2Z7DRO5BygC&dq=afro-chic+dreadlocks&pg=PA29}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last1=Allah |first1=Sha Be |title=Exploring Culture: Dreadlocks and Hip Hop |url=https://thesource.com/2023/03/11/exploring-culture-dreadlocks-and-hip-hop/ |website=Thesource.com |date=11 March 2023 |access-date=8 December 2023}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |last1=Bennett |first1=Dionne |last2=Morgan |first2=Marcyliena |title=Hip-Hop & the Global Imprint of a Black Cultural Form |journal=Race, Inequality & Culture |date=2011 |volume=2 |issue=140 |pages=179–180 |jstor=23047460 |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/23047460 |access-date=8 December 2023}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |last1=Fonseca |first1=Anthony J. |last2=Dawn Goldsmith |first2=Melissa Ursula |title=Hip Hop around the World [2 volumes]: An Encyclopedia [2 volumes] |year=2018 |publisher=Bloomsbury Publishing USA |isbn=9780313357596 |pages=236, 282–283 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=nOPNEAAAQBAJ&q=dreadlocks}}</ref> Many rappers and [[Afrobeat]] artists in [[Uganda]] wear locs, such as [[Navio (rapper)|Navio]], Delivad Julio, [[Fik Fameica]], Vyper Ranking, Byaxy, Liam Voice, and other artists. From reggae music to hip hop, rap, and Afrobeat, Black artists in the [[African diaspora]] wear locs to display their Black identity and culture.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Kemigisha |first1=Martha |title=Hair goals: 8 male celebrities with gorgeous dreadlocks |url=https://www.pulse.ug/lifestyle/fashion/hair-goals-8-male-celebrities-with-gorgeous-dreadlocks/ryw5l5z |access-date=8 December 2023 |agency=Uganda Pulse |date=May 26, 2023}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last1=C.J. |first1=Nelson |title=How Afrobeats Artists Are Using Fashion to Tell Us Who They Are |url=https://www.billboard.com/music/features/afrobeats-fashion-evolution-history-feature-1235058245/ |website=Billboard.com |access-date=8 December 2023}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |last1=Mercer |first1=Kobena |title=Welcome to the Jungle: New Positions in Black Cultural Studies |year=2013 |publisher=Routledge |isbn=9781135204761 |pages=98, 105–109 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=sVrbAAAAQBAJ&q=dreadlocks+&pg=PT138}}</ref>

Youth in Kenya who are fans of rap and hip hop music, and Kenyan rappers and musicians, wear locs to connect to the history of the [[Mau Mau rebellion|Mau Mau freedom fighters]] who wore locs as symbols of anti-colonialism, and to Bob Marley, who was a Rasta.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Ntarangwi |first1=Mwenda |title=East African Hip Hop: Youth Culture and Globalization |year=2009 |publisher=University of Illinois Press |isbn=9780252076534 |pages=32–33 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=WLsvID258XMC&q=dreadlocks}}</ref> Hip hop and reggae fashion spread to [[Ghana]] and fused with traditional Ghanaian culture. [[African hip hop|Ghanaian musicians]] wear dreadlocks incorporating reggae symbols and hip hop clothes mixed with traditional Ghanaian textiles, such as wearing [[Head tie|Ghanaian headwraps]] to hold their locs.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Osumare |first1=H. |title=The Hiplife in Ghana: West African Indigenization of Hip-Hop |year=2012 |publisher=Springer |isbn=9781137021656 |pages=56, 90–91, 178 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=dRrGAAAAQBAJ&dq=dreadlocks+hip+hop&pg=PP1}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |last1=Talmor |first1=Ruti |title=Aesthetic Practices in African Tourism |year=2023 |publisher=Taylor & Francis |isbn=9780429534768 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=bmbjEAAAQBAJ&dq=dreadlocks+and+black+music&pg=PT131}}</ref> Ghanaian women wear locs as a symbol of African beauty. The beauty industry in Ghana believe locs are a traditional African hair practice and market hair care products to promote natural African hairstyles such as afros and locs.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Kauppinen |first1=Anna-Rikka |last2=Spronk |first2=Rachel |title=Green Consumption: The Global Rise of Eco-Chic  |year=2020 |pages=117–122 |doi=10.4324/9781003085508-11 |isbn=9781000182996 |chapter-url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/341437216 |chapter=Afro-chic: Beauty, Ethics, and 'Locks without Dread'}}</ref> The previous generations of Black artists have inspired younger contemporary Black actresses to loc their hair, such as [[Chloe Bailey]], [[Halle Bailey]], and [[Rhythm and blues|R&B]] and [[Pop music]] singer [[Willow Smith]]. More Black actors in Hollywood are choosing to loc their hair to embrace their Black heritage.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Brown |first1=Nikki |title=19 Celebs Slaying In Beautiful Locs |url=https://www.essence.com/hair/dreadlocks/celebrities-with-dreadlocks/ |website=Essence.com |date=26 October 2020 |access-date=15 December 2023}}</ref>

Although more Black women in Hollywood and the beauty and music industries are wearing locs, there has never been a Black [[Miss America]] winner with locs because there is pushback in the fashion industry towards Black women's natural hair. For example, model [[Adesuwa Aighewi]] locked her hair and was told she might not receive any casting calls because of her dreadlocks. Some Black women in modeling agencies are forced to straighten their hair. However, more Black women are resisting and choosing to wear Black hairstyles such as afros and dreadlocks in fashion shows and beauty pageants.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Thompson |first1=Cheryl |title=Black Women and Identity: What's Hair Got to Do With It? |journal=Michigan Feminist Studies |date=2008 |volume=22 |issue=1 |page=3 |url=https://www.casalakecounty.com/fileLibrary/Black%20Women%20and%20Identity_%20What%27s%20Hair%20Got%20to%20Do%20With%20It_.pdf |access-date=16 December 2023}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last1=Aighewi |first1=Adesuwa |title=The fashion industry said my dreadlocks would stop me working. They were wrong |url=https://www.theguardian.com/fashion/2017/nov/01/the-fashion-industry-said-my-dreadlocks-would-stop-me-working-they-were-wrong |access-date=19 December 2023 |agency=The Guardian |date=2017}}</ref> For example, in 2007 Miss Universe Jamaica and Rastafarian, [[Zahra Redwood]], was the first Black woman to break the barrier on a world pageant stage when she wore locs, paving the way and influencing other Black women to wear locs in beauty pageants. In 2015, [[Miss Jamaica World]] Sanneta Myrie was the first contestant to wear locs to the [[Miss World|Miss World Pageant]].<ref>{{cite news |last1=Donato |first1=Al |title=Miss Jamaica Is The First Contestant To Wear Dreadlocks to Miss World Pageant |url=https://www.huffpost.com/archive/ca/entry/miss-jamaica-is-the-first-contestant-to-wear-dreadlocks-to-miss_n_8855790 |access-date=16 December 2023 |agency=Huffpost.com |date=2015}}</ref> In 2018, [[Dee-Ann Kentish-Rogers]] of Britain was crowned Miss Universe wearing her locs and became the first Black British woman to win the competition with natural locs.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Bremer |first1=Katherine |title=Dreadlocked Miss Jamaica puts Rastas in new light |url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-missjamaica-idUSN2028940620070520/ |access-date=16 December 2023 |work=Reuters |date=2007}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Miss Universe Great Britain |url=https://going-natural.com/miss-universe-great-britain-is-a-beautiful-black-woman-who-rocks-locs/ |website=Going-natural.com |date=17 July 2018 |access-date=16 December 2023}}</ref>

[[Cinema of the United States|Hollywood cinema]] often uses the dreadlock hairstyle as a prop in movies for villains and pirates. According to author Steinhoff, this appropriates dreadlocks and removes them from their original meaning of Black heritage to one of dread and otherness. In the movie ''[[Pirates of the Caribbean]]'', the pirate Jack Sparrow wears dreadlocks. Dreadlocks are used in Hollywood to mystify a character and make them appear threatening or living a life of danger. In the movie ''The Curse of the Black Pearl'', pirates were dressed in dreadlocks to signify their cursed lives.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Steinhoff |first1=Heike |title=Queer Buccaneers: (de)constructing Boundaries in the Pirates of the Caribbean Film Series Volume 10 of Transnational and Transatlantic American Studies |year=2011 |publisher=LIT Verlag Münster |isbn=9783643111005 |page=56 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=m7iH9PsM4wgC&dq=dreadlocks+in+hollywood&pg=PA56}}</ref>