Editing Drip irrigation (section)

====Plastic emitter, trickle irrigation====
Usage of a plastic emitter in drip irrigation was developed in Israel by [[Simcha Blass]] and his son Yeshayahu.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.gardenguides.com/79735-history-drip-irrigation.html|title=The History of Drip Irrigation}}</ref> Instead of releasing water through tiny holes easily blocked by tiny particles, water was released through larger and longer passageways by using friction to slow water inside a plastic emitter. The first experimental system of this type was established in 1959 by Blass, who partnered later (1964) with [[Hatzerim|Kibbutz Hatzerim]] to create an irrigation company called [[Netafim]]. Together they developed and patented the first practical surface drip irrigation emitter.<ref name="Goyal" /><ref name="irrigation.learnabout.info" /> Modern drip irrigation was invented in Israel in the 1960s, such irrigation also improved the efficiency of fertilizer use as well as water.<ref name=":1" /> The introduction of this technology was revolutionary according to the Times of Israel and could save 70% of water usage in the growth of rice.<ref name=":2">{{Cite news |last=Surkes |first=Sue |date=10 May 2021 |title=Israel's drip irrigation pioneers aim to do away with flooded rice fields |url=https://www.timesofisrael.com/israels-drip-irrigation-pioneers-aim-to-do-away-with-flooded-rice-fields/}}</ref>

Goldberg and Shmueli (1970)<ref>Goldberg D, Shmueli, M (1970) "Drip Irrigation—A Method Used Under Arid and Desert Conditions of High Water and Soil Salinity" ''Transactions of the ASAE'' '''13''' (1): 0038-0041</ref> developed a significant improvement: "in the Arava desert in southern Israel [Shmueli] demonstrated that a trickle-irrigation system installed on the soil surface worked exceptionally well in producing vegetable crops, even with saline water (Elfving, 1989). The system...was responsible for the greening of formerly unproductive environment".<ref>Janick J, Goldman IL, (2003) "Horticulture, Horticultural Science, and 100 Years of ASHS" ''HortScience'' https://journals.ashs.org/downloadpdf/journals/hortsci/38/5/article-p883.pdf</ref>

Replacing sub-surface system with on surface system solved the disadvantage of clogging the subsurface system. Their improvement prevailed: "Drip irrigation is presently the most efficient means to apply water to crops (Pathak et al. 2009; Goyal 2012)... There are two variations of the technology: surface and subsurface. The most common is surface drip irrigation, first developed in Israel (Goldberg and Shmueli 1970)... Due to the need to improve irrigation efficiency, as a measure toward sustainable use of water resources, there is wide interest in drip irrigation (Scanlon et al. 2012; Steward et al. 2013; Schaible and Aillery 2017) and is highlighted by numerous studies to evaluate its performance for the production of several crops."<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Oker |first1=Tobias E. |last2=Kisekka |first2=Isaya |last3=Sheshukov |first3=Aleksey Y. |last4=Aguilar |first4=Jonathan |last5=Rogers |first5=Danny |date=2020-01-01 |title=Evaluation of dynamic uniformity and application efficiency of mobile drip irrigation |url=https://doi.org/10.1007/s00271-019-00648-0 |journal=Irrigation Science |language=en |volume=38 |issue=1 |pages=17–35 |doi=10.1007/s00271-019-00648-0 |bibcode=2020IrrSc..38...17O |s2cid=253819897 |issn=1432-1319|url-access=subscription }}</ref>

Netafim developed technology to specifically water rice. Rice paddies which produce 10% of global methane emissions, the equivalent of 400 million cars. This technology was first introduced in Italy, Turkey and India.<ref name=":2" /> Agritech firm N-Drip developed smart drip irrigation for rice paddies. In the TOI article it was reported that N-Drip system led to yield increases of up to 33%, fertilizer reduction of 50%, a drop in greenhouse gases like carbon and methane from 50% to 85% as well as water savings of 50%.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Wrobel |first=Sharon |date=21 June 2023 |title=Agritech firm N-Drip raises $44 million in Liechtenstein-led funding round |url=https://www.timesofisrael.com/agritech-firm-n-drip-raises-44-million-in-liechtenstein-led-funding-round/ |work=[[Times of Israel]]}}</ref>