Editing Dutch Defence (section)

===Staunton Gambit===
{{Main|Staunton Gambit}}
An aggressive attempt by White to sacrifice a pawn with 2.e4{{chesspunc|!?}} in exchange for rapid development and attacking chances against Black's Dutch setup. Named after [[Howard Staunton]], who introduced it in his match against [[Bernhard Horwitz]].<ref>{{cite web
 |url=http://www.chessgames.com/perl/chessgame?gid=1001250
 |title=Howard Staunton vs. Bernard Horwitz, 3rd match game, London 1846
 |website=[[Chessgames.com]]
 |access-date=2008-07-01
}}</ref><ref>{{cite book
 |title=The Oxford Companion to Chess
 |last1=Hooper 
 |first1=David  
 |authorlink1=David Vincent Hooper
 |last2=Whyld 
 |first2=Kenneth 
 |authorlink2=Kenneth Whyld
 |year=1996
 |edition=2nd
 |origyear=First pub. 1992
 |publisher=Oxford University Press
 |page=[https://archive.org/details/oxfordcompaniont0000hoop/page/393 393]
 |isbn=0-19-866164-9
 |url=https://archive.org/details/oxfordcompaniont0000hoop/page/393
 }}</ref> The Staunton Gambit was once a feared attacking line,<ref>In 1939, Fine wrote that, "The Staunton Gambit ... offers White considerable attacking chances." {{cite book
 | title=Modern Chess Openings, 6th edition
 | author=Fine, R. |author2=[[Richard Griffith (chess player)|Griffith, R.C.]] |author3=[[John Herbert White|White, J.H.]]
 | year=1939
 | publisher=David McKay
 | page=176
 | author-link=Reuben Fine
}} In 1964, Horowitz wrote that the Staunton Gambit gives White "sharp attacking chances for his Pawn" and places the opponent at a psychological disadvantage by requiring Black to renounce his aggressive intentions and "resign himself to an accurate and stubborn defense".{{cite book
 | title=Chess Openings: Theory and Practice
 | url=https://archive.org/details/chessopeningsthe0000horo
 | url-access=registration
 | author=Horowitz, I.A.
 | year=1964
 | publisher=Simon and Schuster
 | page=[https://archive.org/details/chessopeningsthe0000horo/page/611 611]
 | author-link=I.A. Horowitz
}} More recent writers have observed that fear of the Staunton Gambit has discouraged many players from using the Dutch. Yet many have used it anyway {{cite book
 | title=The Dutch Defense
 | author=Christiansen, L.
 |author2=Silman, J. |author-link2=Jeremy Silman 
 | year=1989
 | publisher=Chess Digest
 | page=192
 | isbn=0-87568-178-6
 | author-link=Larry Christiansen
}}; {{cite book
 | title=How to Play Black Against the Staunton Gambit
 | author=Schiller, E.
 |author2=Bill Colias
 | year=1993
 | publisher=Chess Digest
 | page=4
 | isbn=0-87568-236-7
 | author-link=Eric Schiller
}}</ref> but it has been out of favour for over 80 years.<ref>In 1925, the editors of the Fourth Edition of ''Modern Chess Openings'' (''MCO-4'') wrote that the Staunton Gambit "has fallen out of favour for no clear reason". {{cite book
 | title=Modern Chess Openings, 4th edition
 | author=Griffith, R.C.
 |author2=[[John Herbert White|White, J.H.]] and M.E. Goldstein
 | year=1925
 | publisher=Whitehead & Miller
 | page=120
 | author-link=Richard Griffith (chess player)
}} In 1939, Fine wrote in ''MCO-6'', "The Staunton Gambit fell out of favour some time ago and still remains so ... ." {{cite book
 | title=Modern Chess Openings, 6th edition
 | author=Fine, R. |author2=[[Richard Griffith (chess player)|Griffith, R.C.]] |author3=[[John Herbert White|White, J.H.]]
 | year=1939
 | publisher=David McKay
 | page=176
 | author-link=Reuben Fine
}} GM [[Nick de Firmian]] writes in ''MCO-15'' (2008) that the Staunton Gambit "is not in much favor today". {{cite book
 | title=Modern Chess Openings, 15th edition
 | author=de Firmian, N.
 | year=2008
 | publisher=Random House
 | page=494
 | isbn=978-0-8129-3682-7
 | author-link=Nick de Firmian
}}</ref> [[Grandmaster (chess)|GM]] [[Larry Christiansen]] and [[International Master]] [[Jeremy Silman]] have opined that it "offers White equality at best".<ref>{{cite book
 | title=The Dutch Defense
 | author=Christiansen, L.
 |author2=Silman, J. |author-link2=Jeremy Silman 
 | year=1989
 | publisher=Chess Digest
 | page=192
 | isbn=0-87568-178-6
 | author-link=Larry Christiansen
}}</ref> 

The ''ECO'' code for the Staunton Gambit in the Dutch Defence is A83.