Editing Elections in India (section)

==Types of elections==
Elections in the Republic of India include elections for
*[[President of India]],
*[[Vice President of India]],
*Members of the Parliament in [[Rajya Sabha]] (Upper house) and [[Lok Sabha]] (Lower house), 
*Members of [[State Legislative Council (India)|State Legislative Councils]],
*Members of [[State Legislative Assembly (India)|State Legislative Assemblies]] (includes legislative assemblies of three union territories - [[Jammu and Kashmir (union territory)|Jammu and Kashmir]], [[National Capital Territory of Delhi]] and [[Puducherry (union territory)|Puducherry]])
*Members of [[Local government in India|local governance bodies]] ([[Municipal governance in India|Municipal bodies]] and [[Panchayati raj|Panchayats]]),
*A [[By-election]] is held when a seat-holder of a particular constituency dies, resigns, or is disqualified.

=== Parliamentary general elections (Lok Sabha) ===
Members of Lok Sabha (House of the People), or the lower house of India's Parliament, are elected by being voted upon by all adult citizens of India (who crossed 18 years of age) from a set of candidates who contest in their respective constituencies. Every adult citizen of India can vote only in their constituency. Candidates who win the Lok Sabha elections are called 'Members of Parliament' and hold their seats for five years or until the body is dissolved by the President on the advice of the council of ministers. The house meets in the Lok Sabha Chambers of the Sansad Bhavan in New Delhi, on matters relating to the creation of new laws and removing or improving the existing laws that affect all citizens of India. Elections take place once in 5 years to elect 543 members for the Lok Sabha (Lower house).<ref>{{cite web|url=https://eci.gov.in/elections/term-of-houses/|title=Terms of the Houses|publisher=Election Commission of India |access-date=19 February 2020}}</ref>

{|class="wikitable"
|-
{{Scrolling table/mid}}
|+ style="text-align: left;" | General election results ''(Lok Sabha)''
|[[File:Indian General Election 1951–1952.svg|thumb|[[1st Lok Sabha]] [[1951–52 Indian general election|(1951–52)]]]]
|[[File:Indian General Election 1957.svg|thumb|[[2nd Lok Sabha]][[1957 Indian general election|(1957)]]]]
| 
|[[File:Indian General Election 1967.svg|thumb|[[4th Lok Sabha]][[1967 Indian general election|(1967)]]]]
|[[File:Indian General Election 1971.svg|thumb|[[5th Lok Sabha]][[1971 Indian general election|(1971)]]]]
|[[File:Indian General Election 1977.svg|thumb|[[6th Lok Sabha]][[1977 Indian general election|(1977)]]]]
|[[File:Indian General Election 1980.svg|thumb|[[7th Lok Sabha]][[1980 Indian general election|(1980)]]]]
|[[File:Indian General Election 1984.svg|thumb|[[8th Lok Sabha]][[1984 Indian general election|(1984)]]]]
|[[File:Indian General Election 1989.svg|thumb|[[9th Lok Sabha]][[1989 Indian general election|(1989)]]]]
|[[File:Indian General Election 1991.svg|thumb|[[10th Lok Sabha]][[1991 Indian general election|(1991)]]]]
|[[File:Indian General Election 1996.svg|thumb|[[11th Lok Sabha]][[1996 Indian general election|(1996)]]]]
|[[File:Indian General Election 1998.svg|thumb|[[12th Lok Sabha]][[1998 Indian general election|(1998)]]]]
|[[File:Indian General Election 1999.svg|thumb|[[13th Lok Sabha]][[1999 Indian general election|(1999)]]]]
|[[File:Indian General Election 2004.svg|thumb|[[14th Lok Sabha]][[2004 Indian general election|(2004)]]]]
|[[File:Indian General Election 2009.svg|thumb|[[15th Lok Sabha]][[2009 Indian general election|(2009)]]]]
|[[File:Indian General Election 2014.svg|thumb|[[16th Lok Sabha]][[2014 Indian general election|(2014)]]]]
|[[File:Indian General Election 2019.svg|thumb|[[17th Lok Sabha]] ([[2019 Indian general election|2019]])]]
|[[File:Indian General Election 2024.svg|thumb|[[18th Lok Sabha]][[2024 Indian general election|(2024)]]]]
{{Scrolling table/end}}

===History of Lok Sabha elections===
{|class="wikitable" style="text-align:center;"
|+[[Lok Sabha]] elections<ref name="LS_Results">{{cite web|url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/category/99-general-election-archive-1951-2004/|title=Lok Sabha Election Results 1951-2004|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]|access-date=5 April 2021}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/category/98-general-election-2009/|title=Lok Sabha Election Results 2009|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]|access-date=5 April 2021}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/category/97-general-election-2014/|title=General Election 2014 |publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]|access-date=5 April 2021 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210415030717/https://eci.gov.in/files/category/97-general-election-2014/ |archive-date=Apr 15, 2021 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/category/1551-general-election-2019-including-vellore-pc/|title=General Election 2019 (Including Vellore PC) |publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]|access-date=5 April 2021 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210724131155/https://eci.gov.in/files/category/1551-general-election-2019-including-vellore-pc/ |archive-date=Jul 24, 2021 }}</ref>
|-
!rowspan=2|Lok Sabha<br/>{{small|(Election)}}
!rowspan=2|Total Seats
!colspan=4|First
!colspan=4|Second
!colspan=4|Third
|-
!colspan=2|Political party
!Seats
!Percentage of votes
!colspan=2|Political party
!Seats
!Percentage of votes
!colspan=2|Political party
!Seats
!Percentage of votes
|-
|[[1st Lok Sabha|1st]]<br/>{{small|([[1951–52 Indian general election|1951–52]])}}
|489
|[[Indian National Congress]]
|rowspan=4 {{party color cell|Indian National Congress}}
|364
|44.99%
|[[Communist Party of India]]
|rowspan=3 {{party color cell|Communist Party of India}}
|16
|3.29%
|[[Socialist Party (India)|Socialist Party]]
|{{party color cell|Socialist Party (India)}}
|12
|10.59%
|-
|[[2nd Lok Sabha|2nd]]<br/>{{small|([[1957 Indian general election|1957]])}}
|494
|[[Indian  National Congress]]
|371
|47.78%
|[[Communist Party of India]]
|27
|8.92%
|[[Praja Socialist Party]]
|{{party color cell|Praja Socialist Party}}
|19
|10.41%
|-
|[[3rd Lok Sabha|3rd]]<br/>{{small|([[1962 Indian general election|1962]])}}
|494
|[[Indian National Congress]]
|361
|44.72%
|[[Communist Party of India]]
|29
|9.94%
|[[Swatantra Party]]
|{{party color cell|Swatantra Party}}
|18
|7.89%
|-
|[[4th Lok Sabha|4th]]<br/>{{small|([[1967 Indian general election|1967]])}}
|520
|[[Indian National Congress]]
|283
|40.78%
|[[Swatantra Party]]
|{{party color cell|Swatantra Party}}
|44
|8.67%
|[[Bharatiya Jana Sangh]]
|{{party color cell|Bharatiya Jana Sangh}}
|35
|9.31%
|-
|[[5th Lok Sabha|5th]]<br/>{{small|([[1971 Indian general election|1971]])}}
|518
|[[Indian National Congress (R)]]
|{{party color cell|Indian National Congress (R)}}      
|352
|43.68%
|[[Communist Party of India (Marxist)]]
|{{party color cell|Communist Party of India (Marxist)}}
|25
|5.12%
|[[Communist Party of India]]
|{{party color cell|Communist Party of India}}
|23
|4.73%
|-
|[[6th Lok Sabha|6th]]<br/>{{small|([[1977 Indian general election|1977]])}}
|542
|[[Bharatiya Lok Dal]]
|{{party color cell|Bharatiya Lok Dal}}
|295
|41.32%
|[[Indian National Congress (R)]]
|{{party color cell|Indian National Congress (R)}}
|154
|34.52%
|[[Communist Party of India (Marxist)]]
|rowspan=3 {{party color cell|Communist Party of India (Marxist)}}
|22
|4.29%
|-
|[[7th Lok Sabha|7th]]<br/>{{small|([[1980 Indian general election|1980]])}}
|529
|[[Indian National Congress (Indira)]]
|{{party color cell|Indian National Congress (Indira)}}
|353
|42.69%
|[[Janata Party (Secular)]]
|{{party color cell|Janata Party (Secular)}}
|41
|9.39%
|[[Communist Party of India (Marxist)]]
|37
|6.24%
|-
|[[8th Lok Sabha|8th]]<br/>{{small|([[1984 Indian general election|1984]])}}
|541
|[[Indian National Congress (Indira)]]
|rowspan=3 {{party color cell|Indian National Congress (Indira)}}
|414
|48.12%
|[[Telugu Desam Party]]
|{{party color cell|Telugu Desam Party}}
|30
|4.06%
|[[Communist Party of India (Marxist)]]
|22
|5.72%
|-
|[[9th Lok Sabha|9th]]<br/>{{small|([[1989 Indian general election|1989]])}}
|529
|[[Indian National Congress (Indira)]]
|197
|39.53%
|[[Janata Dal]]
|{{party color cell|Janata Dal}}
|143
|17.79%
|[[Bharatiya Janata Party]]
|{{party color cell|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|85
|11.36%
|-
|[[10th Lok Sabha|10th]]<br/>{{small|([[1991 Indian general election|1991]])}}
|534
|[[Indian National Congress (Indira)]]
|244
|36.40%
|[[Bharatiya Janata Party]]
|{{party color cell|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|120
|20.07%
|[[Janata Dal]]
|rowspan=2 {{party color cell|Janata Dal}}
|59
|11.73%
|-
|[[11th Lok Sabha|11th]]<br/>{{small|([[1996 Indian general election|1996]])}}
|543
|[[Bharatiya Janata Party]]
|rowspan=3 {{party color cell|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|161
|20.29%
|[[Indian National Congress (Indira)]]
|{{party color cell|Indian National Congress (Indira)}}
|140
|28.80%
|[[Janata Dal]]
|46
|8.08%
|-
|[[12th Lok Sabha|12th]]<br/>{{small|([[1998 Indian general election|1998]])}}
|543
|[[Bharatiya Janata Party]]
|182
|25.59%
|[[Indian National Congress]]
|rowspan=2 {{party color cell|Indian National Congress}}
|141
|25.82%
|[[Communist Party of India (Marxist)]]
|rowspan=3 {{party color cell|Communist Party of India (Marxist)}}
|32
|5.16%
|-
|[[13th Lok Sabha|13th]]<br/>{{small|([[1999 Indian general election|1999]])}}
|543
|[[Bharatiya Janata Party]]
|182
|23.75%
|[[Indian National Congress]]
|114
|28.30%
|[[Communist Party of India (Marxist)]]
|33
|5.40%
|-
|[[14th Lok Sabha|14th]]<br/>{{small|([[2004 Indian general election|2004]])}}
|543
|[[Indian National Congress]]
|rowspan=2 {{party color cell|Indian National Congress}}
|145
|26.53%
|[[Bharatiya Janata Party]]
|rowspan=2 {{party color cell|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|138
|22.16%
|[[Communist Party of India (Marxist)]]
|43
|5.66%
|-
|[[15th Lok Sabha|15th]]<br/>{{small|([[2009 Indian general election|2009]])}}
|543
|[[Indian National Congress]]
|206
|28.55%
|[[Bharatiya Janata Party]]
|116
|18.80%
|[[Samajwadi Party]]
|{{party color cell|Samajwadi Party}}
|23
|3.23%
|-
|[[16th Lok Sabha|16th]]<br/>{{small|([[2014 Indian general election|2014]])}}
|543
|[[Bharatiya Janata Party]]
|rowspan=3 {{party color cell|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|282
|31.34%
|[[Indian National Congress]]
|rowspan=3 {{party color cell|Indian National Congress}}
|44
|19.52%
|[[All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam]]
|{{party color cell|All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam}}
|37
|3.31%
|-
|[[17th Lok Sabha|17th]]<br/>{{small|([[2019 Indian general election|2019]])}}
|543
|[[Bharatiya Janata Party]]
|303
|37.70%
|[[Indian National Congress]]
|52
|19.67%
|[[Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam]]
|{{party color cell|Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam}}
|24
|2.36%
|-
|[[18th Lok Sabha|18th]]<br/>{{small|([[2024 Indian general election|2024]])}}
|543
|[[Bharatiya Janata Party]]
|240
|36.56%
|[[Indian National Congress]]
|99
|21.19%
|[[Samajwadi Party]]
|{{party color cell|Samajwadi Party}}
|37
|4.58%
|}

=== State Assembly elections ===
Members of the [[State Legislative Assembly (India)|State Legislative Assembly]] are elected directly by voting from a set of candidates who contest in their respective constituencies. Every adult citizen of India can vote only in their constituency. Candidates who win the [[State Legislative Assembly (India)|State Legislative Assemblies]] elections are called 'Members of Legislative Assembly' (MLA) and hold their seats for five years or until the body is dissolved by the Governor. The house meets in the respective state, on matters relating to the creation of new laws, removing, or improving the existing laws that affect all citizens living in that state.

The total strength of each assembly depends on each State, mostly based on size and population. Similar to the Lok Sabha elections, the leader of the majority party/alliance takes an oath as Chief Minister of the State.

The Election Commission conducts the elections and provides a voluntary facility to 80-plus-year-old electors to vote through ballot papers at their homes depending upon polling booth accessibility. Elections are taken up enthusiastically by a major portion of the population, who turn out in high numbers.
For example, An 83-year-old woman, Dolma, cast her vote at the Chasak Bhatori polling station in the [[Pangi Valley|Pangi]] area of the [[Chamba district]] after covering 14 kilometers walking on a snowy road during the 2022 assembly elections in Himachal Pradesh.<ref>{{cite web | url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/elections/assembly-elections/himachal-pradesh/news/assembly-elections-2022-66-voter-turnout-in-himachal-pradesh-worlds-highest-booth-sees-100-polling/articleshow/95476760.cms | title=Assembly elections 2022: 66% voter turnout in Himachal Pradesh, world's highest booth sees 100% polling &#124; Himachal-Pradesh Election News |date=November 12, 2022  | website=[[The Times of India]] }}</ref>

Prior to the much awaited Lok Sabha elections in 2024, the state assembly elections in Chhattisgarh, Madhya Pradesh, Rajasthan, and Telangana are an important political event. November 7 and November 17 are the scheduled dates for Chhattisgarh's elections, while Madhya Pradesh, Rajasthan, and Telangana will hold their votes on November 17, November 23, and November 30, respectively. The political climate before the national elections is anticipated to be shaped by the outcomes of these elections, which are anticipated to be declared on December 3. Key political players in these states are diverse and competing for domination, such as the Indian National Congress (INC), the Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP), and other regional parties. These states differ in the quantity of assembly seats they have; Chhattisgarh has ninety <ref>{{Cite web |title= Assembly elections in 5 states explained in 4 charts|date=9 October 2023 |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/four-pointers-explaining-the-upcoming-assembly-elections-101696838029260.html}}</ref> seats.
{{sticky header}}
{|class="wikitable sortable mw-collapsible sticky-header" style="text-align:center;"
|+Legislative Assembly Elections
!State/UT !! 1950s !! 1960s !! 1970s !! 1980s !! 1990s !! 2000s !! 2010s !! 2020s
|-
![[Elections in Andhra Pradesh|AP]] 
| [[1955 Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|AS 1955]] <br /> [[1957 Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|1957]]
| [[1962 Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|1962]] <br /> [[1967 Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|1967]]
| [[1972 Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|1972]] <br /> [[1978 Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|1978]]
| [[1983 Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|1983]] <br /> [[1985 Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|1985]] <br /> [[1989 Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|1989]]
| [[1994 Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|1994]] <br /> [[1999 Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|1999]]
| [[2004 Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|2004]] <br /> [[2009 Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|2009]]
| [[2014 Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|2014]] <br /> [[2019 Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|2019]]
|[[2024 Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|2024]]
|-
![[Elections in Arunachal Pradesh|AR]]
|{{dash}}
|{{dash}}
| [[1978 Arunachal Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|1978]]
| [[1980 Arunachal Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|1980]] <br /> [[1984 Arunachal Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|1984]]
| [[1990 Arunachal Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|1990]] <br /> [[1995 Arunachal Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|1995]] <br /> [[1999 Arunachal Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|1999]]
| [[2004 Arunachal Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|2004]] <br /> [[2009 Arunachal Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|2009]]
| [[2014 Arunachal Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|2014]] <br /> [[2019 Arunachal Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|2019]]
|[[2024 Arunachal Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|2024]]
|-
![[Elections in Assam|AS]]
| [[1952 Assam Legislative Assembly election|1952]] <br /> [[1957 Assam Legislative Assembly election|1957]]
| [[1962 Assam Legislative Assembly election|1962]] <br /> [[1967 Assam Legislative Assembly election|1967]]
| [[1972 Assam Legislative Assembly election|1972]] <br /> [[1978 Assam Legislative Assembly election|1978]]
| [[1983 Assam Legislative Assembly election|1983]] <br /> [[1985 Assam Legislative Assembly election|1985]]
| [[1991 Assam Legislative Assembly election|1991]] <br /> [[1996 Assam Legislative Assembly election|1996]]
| [[2001 Assam Legislative Assembly election|2001]] <br /> [[2006 Assam Legislative Assembly election|2006]]
| [[2011 Assam Legislative Assembly election|2011]] <br /> [[2016 Assam Legislative Assembly election|2016]]
| [[2021 Assam Legislative Assembly election|2021]]
|-
![[Elections in Bihar|BR]]
| [[1952 Bihar Legislative Assembly election|1952]] <br /> [[1957 Bihar Legislative Assembly election|1957]]
| [[1962 Bihar Legislative Assembly election|1962]] <br /> [[1967 Bihar Legislative Assembly election|1967]] <br /> [[1969 Bihar Legislative Assembly election|1969]] 
| [[1972 Bihar Legislative Assembly election|1972]] <br /> [[1977 Bihar Legislative Assembly election|1977]] 
| [[1980 Bihar Legislative Assembly election|1980]] <br /> [[1985 Bihar Legislative Assembly election|1985]]
| [[1990 Bihar Legislative Assembly election|1990]] <br /> [[1995 Bihar Legislative Assembly election|1995]]
| [[2000 Bihar Legislative Assembly election|2000]] <br /> [[February 2005 Bihar Legislative Assembly election|2005 (Feb)]] <br /> [[October 2005 Bihar Legislative Assembly election|2005 (Oct)]]
| [[2010 Bihar Legislative Assembly election|2010]] <br /> [[2015 Bihar Legislative Assembly election|2015]]
|[[2020 Bihar Legislative Assembly election|2020]] <br /> [[2025 Bihar Legislative Assembly election|2025]]
|-
![[Elections in Chhattisgarh|CG]]
| colspan="5" | State didn't exist. Was part of MP. (Established in 2000)
|[[2003 Chhattisgarh Legislative Assembly election|2003]]<br/>[[2008 Chhattisgarh Legislative Assembly election|2008]]
|[[2013 Chhattisgarh Legislative Assembly election|2013]]<br/>[[2018 Chhattisgarh Legislative Assembly election|2018]]
|[[2023 Chhattisgarh Legislative Assembly election|2023]]
|-
![[Elections in Delhi|DL]]
| [[1952 Delhi Legislative Assembly election|1952]]
| {{dash}}
| {{dash}}
| {{dash}}
| [[1993 Delhi Legislative Assembly election|1993]] <br /> [[1998 Delhi Legislative Assembly election|1998]]
| [[2003 Delhi Legislative Assembly election|2003]] <br /> [[2008 Delhi Legislative Assembly election|2008]]
| [[2013 Delhi Legislative Assembly election|2013]] <br /> [[2015 Delhi Legislative Assembly election|2015]]
| [[2020 Delhi Legislative Assembly election|2020]] <br /> [[2025 Delhi Legislative Assembly election|2025]]
|-
![[Elections in Goa|GA]]
| {{dash}}
| [[1963 Goa, Daman and Diu Legislative Assembly election|1963]] <br /> [[1967 Goa, Daman and Diu Legislative Assembly election|1967]]
| [[1972 Goa, Daman and Diu Legislative Assembly election|1972]] <br /> [[1977 Goa, Daman and Diu Legislative Assembly election|1977]]
| [[1980 Goa, Daman and Diu Legislative Assembly election|1980]] <br /> [[1984 Goa, Daman and Diu Legislative Assembly election|1984]] <br /> [[1989 Goa Legislative Assembly election|1989]]
| [[1994 Goa Legislative Assembly election|1994]] <br /> [[1999 Goa Legislative Assembly election|1999]]
| [[2002 Goa Legislative Assembly election|2002]] <br /> [[2007 Goa Legislative Assembly election|2007]]
| [[2012 Goa Legislative Assembly election|2012]] <br /> [[2017 Goa Legislative Assembly election|2017]]
| [[2022 Goa Legislative Assembly election|2022]]
|-
![[Elections in Gujarat|GJ]]
| {{dash}}
| [[1962 Gujarat Legislative Assembly election|1962]] <br /> [[1967 Gujarat Legislative Assembly election|1967]]
| [[1972 Gujarat Legislative Assembly election|1972]] <br /> [[1975 Gujarat Legislative Assembly election|1975]]
| [[1980 Gujarat Legislative Assembly election|1980]] <br /> [[1985 Gujarat Legislative Assembly election|1985]]
| [[1990 Gujarat Legislative Assembly election|1990]] <br /> [[1995 Gujarat Legislative Assembly election|1995]] <br /> [[1998 Gujarat Legislative Assembly election|1998]]
| [[2002 Gujarat Legislative Assembly election|2002]] <br /> [[2007 Gujarat Legislative Assembly election|2007]]
| [[2012 Gujarat Legislative Assembly election|2012]] <br /> [[2017 Gujarat Legislative Assembly election|2017]]
| [[2022 Gujarat Legislative Assembly election|2022]]
|-
![[Elections in Haryana|HR]]
| {{dash}}
| [[1967 Haryana Legislative Assembly election|1967]] <br /> [[1968 Haryana Legislative Assembly election|1968]]
| [[1972 Haryana Legislative Assembly election|1972]] <br /> [[1977 Haryana Legislative Assembly election|1977]]
| [[1982 Haryana Legislative Assembly election|1982]] <br /> [[1987 Haryana Legislative Assembly election|1987]]
| [[1991 Haryana Legislative Assembly election|1991]] <br /> [[1996 Haryana Legislative Assembly election|1996]]
| [[2000 Haryana Legislative Assembly election|2000]] <br /> [[2005 Haryana Legislative Assembly election|2005]] <br /> [[2009 Haryana Legislative Assembly election|2009]]
| [[2014 Haryana Legislative Assembly election|2014]] <br /> [[2019 Haryana Legislative Assembly election|2019]]
|[[2024 Haryana Legislative Assembly election|2024]]
|-
![[Elections in Himachal Pradesh|HP]]
| [[1952 Himachal Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|1952]] <br /> 
| [[1967 Himachal Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|1967]]
| [[1972 Himachal Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|1972]] <br /> [[1977 Himachal Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|1977]]
| [[1985 Himachal Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|1985]] <br /> 
| [[1990 Himachal Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|1990]] <br /> [[1993 Himachal Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|1993]] <br /> [[1998 Himachal Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|1998]]
| [[2003 Himachal Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|2003]] <br /> [[2007 Himachal Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|2007]]
| [[2012 Himachal Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|2012]] <br /> [[2017 Himachal Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|2017]]
| [[2022 Himachal Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|2022]]
|-
![[Elections in Jammu and Kashmir|JK]]
| [[1951 Jammu and Kashmir Constituent Assembly election|1951]] <br /> [[1957 Jammu and Kashmir Legislative Assembly election|1957]]
| [[1962 Jammu and Kashmir Legislative Assembly election|1962]] <br /> [[1967 Jammu and Kashmir Legislative Assembly election|1967]] 
| [[1972 Jammu and Kashmir Legislative Assembly election|1972]] <br /> [[1977 Jammu and Kashmir Legislative Assembly election|1977]] 
| [[1983 Jammu and Kashmir Legislative Assembly election|1983]] <br /> [[1987 Jammu and Kashmir Legislative Assembly election|1987]] 
| [[1996 Jammu and Kashmir Legislative Assembly election|1996]] 
| [[2002 Jammu and Kashmir Legislative Assembly election|2002]] <br /> [[2008 Jammu and Kashmir Legislative Assembly election|2008]]
| [[2014 Jammu and Kashmir Legislative Assembly election|2014]]
| [[2024 Jammu and Kashmir Legislative Assembly election|2024]]
|-
![[Elections in Jharkhand|JH]]
| colspan="5" | State didn't exist. Was part of Bihar. (Established in 2000)
| [[2005 Jharkhand Legislative Assembly election|2005]] <br /> [[2009 Jharkhand Legislative Assembly election|2009]]
| [[2014 Jharkhand Legislative Assembly election|2014]] <br /> [[2019 Jharkhand Legislative Assembly election|2019]]
|[[2024 Jharkhand Legislative Assembly election|2024]]
|-
![[Elections in Karnataka|KA]]
| [[1952 Mysore Legislative Assembly election|Mysore 1952]] <br /> [[1957 Mysore Legislative Assembly election|Mysore 1957]]
| [[1962 Mysore Legislative Assembly election|Mysore 1962]] <br /> [[1967 Mysore Legislative Assembly election|Mysore 1967]]
| [[1972 Mysore Legislative Assembly election|Mysore 1972]] <br /> [[1978 Karnataka Legislative Assembly election|1978]]
| [[1983 Karnataka Legislative Assembly election|1983]] <br /> [[1985 Karnataka Legislative Assembly election|1985]] <br /> [[1989 Karnataka Legislative Assembly election|1989]]
| [[1994 Karnataka Legislative Assembly election|1994]] <br /> [[1999 Karnataka Legislative Assembly election|1999]]
| [[2004 Karnataka Legislative Assembly election|2004]] <br /> [[2008 Karnataka Legislative Assembly election|2008]]
| [[2013 Karnataka Legislative Assembly election|2013]] <br /> [[2018 Karnataka Legislative Assembly election|2018]]
|[[2023 Karnataka Legislative Assembly election|2023]]
|-
![[Elections in Kerala|KL]]
| [[1952 Travancore-Cochin Legislative Assembly election|1952 Thiru-Kochi]] <br /> [[1954 Travancore-Cochin Legislative Assembly election|1954 Thiru-Kochi]] <br />[[1957 Kerala Legislative Assembly election|1957]]
| [[1960 Kerala Legislative Assembly election|1960]] <br /> [[1965 Kerala Legislative Assembly election|1965]] <br /> [[1967 Kerala Legislative Assembly election|1967]]
| [[1970 Kerala Legislative Assembly election|1970]] <br /> [[1977 Kerala Legislative Assembly election|1977]]
| [[1980 Kerala Legislative Assembly election|1980]] <br /> [[1982 Kerala Legislative Assembly election|1982]] <br /> [[1987 Kerala Legislative Assembly election|1987]]
| [[1991 Kerala Legislative Assembly election|1991]] <br /> [[1996 Kerala Legislative Assembly election|1996]]
| [[2001 Kerala Legislative Assembly election|2001]] <br /> [[2006 Kerala Legislative Assembly election|2006]]
| [[2011 Kerala Legislative Assembly election|2011]] <br /> [[2016 Kerala Legislative Assembly election|2016]]
| [[2021 Kerala Legislative Assembly election|2021]]
|-
![[Elections in Madhya Pradesh|MP]]
| [[1952 Bhopal Legislative Assembly election|Bhopal 1952]] <br /> [[1952 Madhya Bharat Legislative Assembly election|MB 1952]] <br /> [[1952 Madhya Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|MP 1952]] <br /> [[1952 Vindhya Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|VP 1952]] <br /> [[1957 Madhya Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|1957]]
| [[1967 Madhya Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|1967]]
| [[1972 Madhya Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|1972]] <br /> [[1977 Madhya Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|1977]]
| [[1980 Madhya Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|1980]] <br /> [[1985 Madhya Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|1985]]
| [[1990 Madhya Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|1990]] <br /> [[1993 Madhya Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|1993]] <br /> [[1998 Madhya Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|1998]]
| [[2003 Madhya Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|2003]] <br /> [[2008 Madhya Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|2008]]
| [[2013 Madhya Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|2013]] <br /> [[2018 Madhya Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|2018]]
|[[2023 Madhya Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|2023]]
|-
![[Elections in Maharashtra|MH]]
| {{dash}}
| [[1962 Maharashtra Legislative Assembly election|1962]] <br /> [[1967 Maharashtra Legislative Assembly election|1967]]
| [[1972 Maharashtra Legislative Assembly election|1972]] <br /> [[1978 Maharashtra Legislative Assembly election|1978]]
| [[1980 Maharashtra Legislative Assembly election|1980]] <br /> [[1985 Maharashtra Legislative Assembly election|1985]]
| [[1990 Maharashtra Legislative Assembly election|1990]] <br /> [[1995 Maharashtra Legislative Assembly election|1995]] <br /> [[1999 Maharashtra Legislative Assembly election|1999]]
| [[2004 Maharashtra Legislative Assembly election|2004]] <br /> [[2009 Maharashtra Legislative Assembly election|2009]]
| [[2014 Maharashtra Legislative Assembly election|2014]] <br /> [[2019 Maharashtra Legislative Assembly election|2019]] 
| [[2024 Maharashtra Legislative Assembly election|2024]]
|-
![[Elections in Manipur|MN]]
| {{dash}}
| [[1967 Manipur Legislative Assembly election|1967]]
| [[1972 Manipur Legislative Assembly election|1972]] <br /> [[1974 Manipur Legislative Assembly election|1974]]
| [[1980 Manipur Legislative Assembly election|1980]] <br /> [[1984 Manipur Legislative Assembly election|1984]]
| [[1990 Manipur Legislative Assembly election|1990]] <br /> [[1995 Manipur Legislative Assembly election|1995]]
| [[2000 Manipur Legislative Assembly election|2000]] <br /> [[2002 Manipur Legislative Assembly election|2002]] <br /> [[2007 Manipur Legislative Assembly election|2007]]
| [[2012 Manipur Legislative Assembly election|2012]] <br /> [[2017 Manipur Legislative Assembly election|2017]]
| [[2022 Manipur Legislative Assembly election|2022]]
|-
![[Elections in Meghalaya|ML]]
| {{dash}}
| {{dash}}
| [[1972 Meghalaya Legislative Assembly election|1972]] <br /> [[1978 Meghalaya Legislative Assembly election|1978]]
| [[1983 Meghalaya Legislative Assembly election|1983]] <br /> [[1988 Meghalaya Legislative Assembly election|1988]]
| [[1993 Meghalaya Legislative Assembly election|1993]] <br /> [[1998 Meghalaya Legislative Assembly election|1998]]
| [[2003 Meghalaya Legislative Assembly election|2003]] <br /> [[2008 Meghalaya Legislative Assembly election|2008]]
| [[2013 Meghalaya Legislative Assembly election|2013]] <br /> [[2018 Meghalaya Legislative Assembly election|2018]]
| [[2023 Meghalaya Legislative Assembly election|2023]]
|-
![[Elections in Mizoram|MZ]]
| {{dash}}
| {{dash}}
| [[1972 Mizoram Legislative Assembly election|1972]] <br /> [[1978 Mizoram Legislative Assembly election|1978]] <br /> [[1979 Mizoram Legislative Assembly election|1979]]
| [[1984 Mizoram Legislative Assembly election|1984]] <br /> [[1987 Mizoram Legislative Assembly election|1987]] <br /> [[1989 Mizoram Legislative Assembly election|1989]]
| [[1993 Mizoram Legislative Assembly election|1993]] <br /> [[1998 Mizoram Legislative Assembly election|1998]]
| [[2003 Mizoram Legislative Assembly election|2003]] <br /> [[2008 Mizoram Legislative Assembly election|2008]]
| [[2013 Mizoram Legislative Assembly election|2013]] <br /> [[2018 Mizoram Legislative Assembly election|2018]]
|[[2023 Mizoram Legislative Assembly election|2023]]
|-
![[Elections in Nagaland|NL]]
| {{dash}}
| [[1964 Nagaland Legislative Assembly election|1964]] <br /> [[1969 Nagaland Legislative Assembly election|1969]]
| [[1974 Nagaland Legislative Assembly election|1974]] <br /> [[1977 Nagaland Legislative Assembly election|1977]]
| [[1982 Nagaland Legislative Assembly election|1982]] <br /> [[1987 Nagaland Legislative Assembly election|1987]] <br /> [[1989 Nagaland Legislative Assembly election|1989]]
| [[1993 Nagaland Legislative Assembly election|1993]] <br /> [[1998 Nagaland Legislative Assembly election|1998]]
| [[2003 Nagaland Legislative Assembly election|2003]] <br /> [[2008 Nagaland Legislative Assembly election|2008]]
| [[2013 Nagaland Legislative Assembly election|2013]] <br /> [[2018 Nagaland Legislative Assembly election|2018]]
|[[2023 Nagaland Legislative Assembly election|2023]]
|-
![[Elections in Odisha|OD]]
| [[1952 Odisha Legislative Assembly election|1952]] <br /> [[1957 Odisha Legislative Assembly election|1957]]
| [[1961 Odisha Legislative Assembly election|1961]] <br /> [[1967 Odisha Legislative Assembly election|1967]]
| [[1971 Odisha Legislative Assembly election|1971]] <br /> [[1974 Odisha Legislative Assembly election|1974]] <br /> [[1977 Odisha Legislative Assembly election|1977]]
| [[1980 Odisha Legislative Assembly election|1980]] <br /> [[1985 Odisha Legislative Assembly election|1985]]
| [[1990 Odisha Legislative Assembly election|1990]] <br /> [[1995 Odisha Legislative Assembly election|1995]]
| [[2000 Odisha Legislative Assembly election|2000]] <br /> [[2004 Odisha Legislative Assembly election|2004]] <br /> [[2009 Odisha Legislative Assembly election|2009]]
| [[2014 Odisha Legislative Assembly election|2014]] <br /> [[2019 Odisha Legislative Assembly election|2019]]
|[[2024 Odisha Legislative Assembly election|2024]]
|-
![[Elections in Punjab, India|PB]]
| [[1952 Punjab Legislative Assembly election|1952]] <br /> [[1957 Punjab Legislative Assembly election|1957]]
| [[1962 Punjab Legislative Assembly election|1962]] <br /> [[1967 Punjab Legislative Assembly election|1967]] <br /> [[1969 Punjab Legislative Assembly election|1969]]
| [[1972 Punjab Legislative Assembly election|1972]] <br /> [[1977 Punjab Legislative Assembly election|1977]]
| [[1980 Punjab Legislative Assembly election|1980]] <br /> [[1985 Punjab Legislative Assembly election|1985]]
| [[1992 Punjab Legislative Assembly election|1992]] <br /> [[1997 Punjab Legislative Assembly election|1997]]
| [[2002 Punjab Legislative Assembly election|2002]] <br /> [[2007 Punjab Legislative Assembly election|2007]]
| [[2012 Punjab Legislative Assembly election|2012]] <br /> [[2017 Punjab Legislative Assembly election|2017]]
| [[2022 Punjab Legislative Assembly election|2022]]
|-
![[Elections in Puducherry|PY]]
|{{dash}}
|[[1964 Pondicherry Legislative Assembly election|1964]]<br/>[[1969 Pondicherry Legislative Assembly election|1969]] 
|[[1974 Pondicherry Legislative Assembly election|1974]]<br/>[[1977 Pondicherry Legislative Assembly election|1977]] 
|[[1980 Pondicherry Legislative Assembly election|1980]]<br/>[[1985 Pondicherry Legislative Assembly election|1985]]
|[[1990 Pondicherry Legislative Assembly election|1990]]<br/>[[1991 Pondicherry Legislative Assembly election|1991]]<br/>[[1996 Pondicherry Legislative Assembly election|1996]] 
|[[2001 Pondicherry Legislative Assembly election|2001]]<br/>[[2006 Pondicherry Legislative Assembly election|2006]] 
|[[2011 Puducherry Legislative Assembly election|2011]]<br/>[[2016 Puducherry Legislative Assembly election|2016]]
|[[2021 Puducherry Legislative Assembly election|2021]]
|-
![[Elections in Rajasthan|RJ]]
| [[1952 Rajasthan Legislative Assembly election|1952]] <br /> [[1957 Rajasthan Legislative Assembly election|1957]]
| [[1962 Rajasthan Legislative Assembly election|1962]] <br /> [[1967 Rajasthan Legislative Assembly election|1967]]
| [[1972 Rajasthan Legislative Assembly election|1972]] <br /> [[1977 Rajasthan Legislative Assembly election|1977]]
| [[1980 Rajasthan Legislative Assembly election|1980]] <br /> [[1985 Rajasthan Legislative Assembly election|1985]]
| [[1990 Rajasthan Legislative Assembly election|1990]] <br /> [[1993 Rajasthan Legislative Assembly election|1993]] <br /> [[1998 Rajasthan Legislative Assembly election|1998]] 
| [[2003 Rajasthan Legislative Assembly election|2003]] <br /> [[2008 Rajasthan Legislative Assembly election|2008]]
| [[2013 Rajasthan Legislative Assembly election|2013]] <br /> [[2018 Rajasthan Legislative Assembly election|2018]]
|[[2023 Rajasthan Legislative Assembly election|2023]]
|-
![[Elections in Sikkim|SK]]
| {{dash}}
| {{dash}}
| [[1979 Sikkim Legislative Assembly election|1979]]
| [[1985 Sikkim Legislative Assembly election|1985]] <br /> [[1989 Sikkim Legislative Assembly election|1989]]
| [[1994 Sikkim Legislative Assembly election|1994]] <br /> [[1999 Sikkim Legislative Assembly election|1999]]
| [[2004 Sikkim Legislative Assembly election|2004]] <br /> [[2009 Sikkim Legislative Assembly election|2009]]
| [[2014 Sikkim Legislative Assembly election|2014]] <br /> [[2019 Sikkim Legislative Assembly election|2019]]
|[[2024 Sikkim Legislative Assembly election|2024]]
|-
![[Elections in Tamil Nadu|TN]]
|[[1952 Madras State Legislative Assembly election|Madras 1952]]<br/>[[1957 Madras State Legislative Assembly election|Madras 1957]]
|[[1962 Madras State Legislative Assembly election|Madras 1962]]<br/>[[1967 Madras State Legislative Assembly election|Madras 1967]]
|[[1971 Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly election|1971]]<br/>[[1977 Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly election|1977]]
|[[1980 Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly election|1980]]<br/>[[1984 Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly election|1984]]<br/>[[1989 Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly election|1989]]
|[[1991 Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly election|1991]]<br/>[[1996 Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly election|1996]]
|[[2001 Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly election|2001]]<br/>[[2006 Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly election|2006]]
|[[2011 Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly election|2011]]<br/>[[2016 Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly election|2016]]
|[[2021 Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly election|2021]]
|-
![[Elections in Telangana|TS]]
|[[1952 Hyderabad Legislative Assembly election|Hyderabad 1952]]
|colspan=5|{{steady}}
|[[2014 Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|2014]]<br/>[[2018 Telangana Legislative Assembly election|2018]]
|[[2023 Telangana Legislative Assembly election|2023]]
|-
![[Elections in Tripura|TR]]<ref>{{cite web|url=https://uca.edu/politicalscience/dadm-project/asiapacific-region/indiatripura-1949-present/ |title=43. India/Tripura (1949-present) |publisher=University of Central Arkansas |date= |accessdate=28 February 2022}}</ref>
| {{dash}}
| [[1967 Tripura Legislative Assembly election|1967]]
| [[1972 Tripura Legislative Assembly election|1972]] <br /> [[1977 Tripura Legislative Assembly election|1977]]
| [[1983 Tripura Legislative Assembly election|1983]] <br /> [[1988 Tripura Legislative Assembly election|1988]]
| [[1993 Tripura Legislative Assembly election|1993]] <br /> [[1998 Tripura Legislative Assembly election|1998]]
| [[2003 Tripura Legislative Assembly election|2003]] <br /> [[2008 Tripura Legislative Assembly election|2008]]
| [[2013 Tripura Legislative Assembly election|2013]] <br /> [[2018 Tripura Legislative Assembly election|2018]]
|[[2023 Tripura Legislative Assembly election|2023]]
|-
![[Elections in Uttar Pradesh|UP]]
| [[1951 Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|1951]] <br /> [[1952 Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|1952]] <br /> [[1957 Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|1957]]
| [[1962 Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|1962]] <br /> [[1967 Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|1967]] <br /> [[1969 Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|1969]]
| [[1974 Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|1974]] <br /> [[1977 Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|1977]]
| [[1980 Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|1980]] <br /> [[1985 Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|1985]] <br /> [[1989 Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|1989]]
| [[1991 Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|1991]] <br /> [[1993 Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|1993]] <br /> [[1996 Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|1996]]
| [[2002 Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|2002]] <br /> [[2007 Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|2007]]
| [[2012 Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|2012]] <br /> [[2017 Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|2017]]
| [[2022 Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|2022]]
|-
![[Elections in Uttarakhand|UT]]
| colspan="5" | State didn't exist. Was part of UP. (Established in 2000)
| [[2002 Uttarakhand Legislative Assembly election|2002]] <br /> [[2007 Uttarakhand Legislative Assembly election|2007]]
| [[2012 Uttarakhand Legislative Assembly election|2012]] <br /> [[2017 Uttarakhand Legislative Assembly election|2017]]
| [[2022 Uttarakhand Legislative Assembly election|2022]]
|-
![[Elections in West Bengal|WB]]
| [[1952 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election|1952]] <br /> [[1957 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election|1957]]
| [[1962 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election|1962]] <br /> [[1967 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election|1967]] <br /> [[1969 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election|1969]]
| [[1971 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election|1971]] <br /> [[1972 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election|1972]] <br /> [[1977 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election|1977]]
| [[1982 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election|1982]] <br /> [[1987 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election|1987]]
| [[1991 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election|1991]] <br /> [[1996 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election|1996]]
| [[2001 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election|2001]] <br /> [[2006 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election|2006]]
| [[2011 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election|2011]] <br /> [[2016 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election|2016]]
| [[2021 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election|2021]]
|}

=== By-election ===
When an elected candidate to either the State Assembly, Lok Sabha, or Rajya Sabha leaves the office vacant before their term ends, a by-election is conducted to find a suitable replacement to fill the vacant position. It is often referred to in India as bypolls.

Common reasons for by-elections:
* Resignation by the sitting MP or MLA
* Death of the sitting MP or MLA

But other reasons occur when the incumbent becomes ineligible to continue in office (criminal conviction, failure to maintain a minimum level of attendance in the office, due to election irregularities found later, or when a candidate wins more than one seat and has to vacate one).

=== Rajya Sabha (Upper House) Elections ===
{{Main|Rajya Sabha}}

The [[Rajya Sabha]], also known as the Council of States, is the upper house of India's Parliament. Candidates are not elected directly by the citizens but by the [[State Legislative Assembly (India)|members of legislative assemblies]] and up to 13 can be nominated by the President of India for their contributions to art, literature, science, and social services. Members of the Parliament in Rajya Sabha get a tenure of six years, with one-third of the body facing re-election every two years. Rajya Sabha acts as a second-level review body before a bill becomes an act.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.ndtv.com/india-news/rajya-sabha-election-2017-here-is-how-members-are-elected-to-upper-house-1734558|title=Rajya Sabha Election 2017: Here Is How Members Are Elected To Upper House|website=NDTV.com|access-date=29 April 2019}}</ref>

The [[Vice President of India]] is the ''[[ex-officio]]'' Chairman of the Rajya Sabha, who presides over its sessions.

The legislative proposals (making new laws, removing, or appending new conditions to the existing law) are brought before either house of the Parliament in the form of a bill. A bill is the draft of a legislative proposal, which, when passed by both houses of Parliament (Lok Sabha and Rajya Sabha) and assented to by the President, becomes an Act of Parliament.

The Constitution of India, however, places some restrictions on the Rajya Sabha, which makes the Lok Sabha more powerful in certain areas. For example, it stipulates that [[Money bill|money bills]] must originate in the Lok Sabha. 
 
Members of Rajya Sabha debate bills sent by the Lok Sabha and can approve, reject, or send the bill back to the Lok Sabha for further debate and discussion on the matter, as well as to suggest better changes in the drafted bill. Members of the Rajya Sabha can only make recommendations to the Lok Sabha for money bills within 14 days. If the Rajya Sabha fails to return the money bill in 14 days to the Lok Sabha, that bill is deemed to have passed by both the houses. Also, if the Lok Sabha rejects any (or all) of the amendments proposed by the Rajya Sabha, the bill is deemed to have been passed by both Houses of Parliament of India in the form in which the Lok Sabha finally passes it.