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Electronic voting
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====Direct-recording electronic (DRE) voting system==== {{main|DRE voting machine}} {{further|Voting machine#Direct-recording electronic (DRE)|Vote counting#Direct-recording electronic counting|Electronic voting in the United States#Direct-recording electronic counting|Electronic voting in India}} A direct-recording electronic (DRE) [[voting machine]] records votes by means of a [[ballot]] display provided with mechanical or electro-optical components that can be activated by the voter (typically buttons or a [[touchscreen]]); that processes data with computer software; and that records voting data and ballot images in [[computer memory|memory components]]. After the election it produces a tabulation of the voting data stored in a removable memory component and as a printed copy. The system may also provide a means for transmitting individual ballots or vote totals to a central location for consolidating and reporting results from precincts at the central location. These systems use a precinct count method that tabulates ballots at the polling place. They typically tabulate ballots as they are cast and print the results after the close of polling.<ref>{{cite web|author=U.S. Election Assistance Commission |author-link=Election Assistance Commission |url=http://www.eac.gov/voting%20systems/docs/vvsgvolumei.pdf/attachment_download/file |title=2005 Voluntary Voting System Guidelines |format=PDF |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080207185930/http://www.eac.gov/voting%20systems/docs/vvsgvolumei.pdf/attachment_download/file |archive-date=7 February 2008 }}</ref> In 2002, in the United States, the [[Help America Vote Act]] mandated that one handicapped accessible voting system be provided per polling place, which most jurisdictions have chosen to satisfy with the use of DRE voting machines, some switching entirely over to DRE. In 2004, 28.9% of the registered voters in the United States used some type of direct recording electronic voting system,<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.kidsvotingoh.org/insidefiles/activities/Voting%20Systems%20Handout-3copy.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101223230616/http://www.kidsvotingoh.org/insidefiles/activities/Voting%20Systems%20Handout-3copy.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-date=23 December 2010 |title=A Short History of Voting in the United States |author=Kids Voting Central Ohio }}</ref> up from 7.7% in 1996.<ref>{{cite web | author = U.S. Federal Election Commission | author-link = Federal Election Commission | url = http://www.fec.gov/pages/dre.htm | title = Direct Recording Electronic information page | url-status = live | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20071114022451/http://www.fec.gov/pages/dre.htm | archive-date = 14 November 2007 }}</ref> [[File:EVM VVPAT.jpg|thumb|right|VVPAT used with Indian [[Indian voting machines|electronic voting machine]]s in Indian Elections]] In 2004, India adopted [[Indian voting machines|Electronic Voting Machines]] (EVM) for its elections to its parliament with 380 million voters casting their ballots using more than one million voting machines.<ref name="pib.nic.in">{{cite web |url=http://pib.nic.in/elections2009/volume1/Chap-39.pdf |title=Know Your Electronic Voting Machine |access-date=1 September 2010 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110605194131/http://pib.nic.in/elections2009/volume1/Chap-39.pdf |archive-date=5 June 2011 }}</ref> The Indian EVMs are designed and developed by two government-owned defence equipment manufacturing units, [[Bharat Electronics Limited]] (BEL) and [[Electronics Corporation of India|Electronics Corporation of India Limited]] (ECIL). Both systems are identical, and are developed to the specifications of [[Election Commission of India]]. The system is a set of two devices running on 7.5 volt batteries. One device, the voting Unit is used by the voter, and another device called the control unit is operated by the electoral officer. Both units are connected by a five-metre cable. The voting unit has a blue button for each candidate. The unit can hold 16 candidates, but up to four units can be chained, to accommodate 64 candidates. The control unit has three buttons on the surface β one button to release a single vote, one button to see the total number of votes cast till now, and one button to close the election process. The result button is hidden and sealed. It cannot be pressed unless the close button has already been pressed. A controversy was raised when the voting machine malfunctioned which was shown in Delhi assembly.<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.manoramaonline.com/news/just-in/2017/05/09/aam-aadmi-party-live-applause-in-delhi-assembly-as-aap-mla-proves-evm-tampering.html|title=Aam Aadmi Party "proved" in voting machines in the assembly|work=ManoramaOnline|access-date=19 December 2017|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171222052215/http://www.manoramaonline.com/news/just-in/2017/05/09/aam-aadmi-party-live-applause-in-delhi-assembly-as-aap-mla-proves-evm-tampering.html|archive-date=22 December 2017}}</ref> On 9 April 2019, the Supreme Court ordered the ECI to increase [[voter-verified paper audit trail]] (VVPAT) slips vote count to five randomly selected EVMs per assembly constituency, which means ECI has to count VVPAT slips of 20,625 EVMs before it certifies the final election results.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/count-vvpat-slips-of-5-booths-in-each-assembly-seat-sc/articleshow/68786810.cms|title=Supreme Court: Count VVPAT slips of 5 booths in each assembly seat | India News |website=The Times of India|date=9 April 2019|access-date=28 May 2019|archive-date=9 April 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190409064533/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/count-vvpat-slips-of-5-booths-in-each-assembly-seat-sc/articleshow/68786810.cms|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.livelaw.in/top-stories/vvpat-sc-elections-144122|title=SC Directs ECI To Increase VVPAT Verification From One EVM To Five EVMs Per Constituency|date=8 April 2019|access-date=28 May 2019|archive-date=10 April 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190410141454/https://www.livelaw.in/top-stories/vvpat-sc-elections-144122|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.moneylife.in/article/when-the-sc-says-no-for-software-audit-review-of-evms-and-vvpat-at-present/56828.html|title=When the SC Says No for Software Audit Review of EVMs & VVPAT at Present|website=Moneylife NEWS & VIEWS|access-date=28 May 2019|archive-date=29 May 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190529074108/https://www.moneylife.in/article/when-the-sc-says-no-for-software-audit-review-of-evms-and-vvpat-at-present/56828.html|url-status=live}}</ref> =====Public network DRE voting system===== A public network DRE voting system is an election system that uses electronic ballots and transmits vote data from the polling place to another location over a public network.<ref name="Voting Systems Standards 2002 p. 12">{{cite book | title=Voting Systems Standards | publisher=Federal Election Commission, U.S. of America | issue=v. 1-2 | year=2002 | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=hlR-0sGHrc0C&pg=PA12 | access-date=13 November 2022 | page=12}}</ref> Vote data may be transmitted as individual ballots as they are cast, periodically as batches of ballots throughout the election day, or as one batch at the close of voting. Public network DRE voting system can utilize either precinct count or central count method. The central count method tabulates ballots from multiple precincts at a central location.
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