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Endothelial dysfunction
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=== Risk reduction === Treatment of [[hypertension]] and [[hypercholesterolemia]] may improve endothelial function in people taking [[statins]] (HMGCoA-reductase inhibitor), and [[renin]] [[angiotensin]] system inhibitors, such as [[ACE inhibitors]] and [[angiotensin II receptor antagonists]].<ref name="pmid17583170">{{cite journal | vauthors = Ruilope LM, RedΓ³n J, Schmieder R | title = Cardiovascular risk reduction by reversing endothelial dysfunction: ARBs, ACE inhibitors, or both? Expectations from the ONTARGET Trial Programme | journal = Vascular Health and Risk Management | volume = 3 | issue = 1 | pages = 1β9 | date = 2007 | pmid = 17583170 | pmc = 1994043 }}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |vauthors=Briasoulis A, Tousoulis D, Androulakis ES, Papageorgiou N, Latsios G, Stefanadis C | date = Apr 2012 | title = Endothelial dysfunction and atherosclerosis: focus on novel therapeutic approaches | journal = Recent Pat Cardiovasc Drug Discov | volume = 7 | issue = 1| pages = 21β32 | doi=10.2174/157489012799362386| pmid = 22280336 }}</ref> Calcium channel blockers and selective beta 1 antagonists may also improve endothelial dysfunction.<ref name="pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov"/> Life style modifications such as smoking cessation have also been shown to improve endothelial function and lower the risk of major cardiovascular events.<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Messner |first1=Barbara |last2=Bernhard |first2=David |date=2014 |title=Smoking and cardiovascular disease: mechanisms of endothelial dysfunction and early atherogenesis |journal=Arteriosclerosis, Thrombosis, and Vascular Biology |volume=34 |issue=3 |pages=509β515 |doi=10.1161/ATVBAHA.113.300156 |issn=1524-4636 |pmid=24554606|doi-access=free }}</ref>
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