Editing English Cocker Spaniel (section)

== Health ==
<!--Please do not post snapshots of your beloved dog unless they illustrate the characteristic appearance and activities of the breed in an encyclopedic manner-->
[[File:Puppy3.jpg|thumb|right|English Cocker with puppies]]

A 2022 UK study of veterinary clinic data found a life expectancy of 11.31 years slightly above the 11.21 overall average but below the 11.82 average for crossbreeds.<ref>{{cite journal | last1=Teng | first1=Kendy Tzu-yun | last2=Brodbelt | first2=Dave C. | last3=Pegram | first3=Camilla | last4=Church | first4=David B. | last5=O’Neill | first5=Dan G. | title=Life tables of annual life expectancy and mortality for companion dogs in the United Kingdom | journal=Scientific Reports | publisher=Springer Science and Business Media LLC | volume=12 | issue=1 | date=2022-04-28 | issn=2045-2322 | doi=10.1038/s41598-022-10341-6 | page=6415| pmid=35484374 | pmc=9050668 | bibcode=2022NatSR..12.6415T }}</ref> A 2024 UK study found a life expectancy of 13.3 years for the breed compared to an average of 12.7 for purebreeds and 12 for [[Mongrel|crossbreeds]].<ref>{{cite journal | last1=McMillan | first1=Kirsten M. | last2=Bielby | first2=Jon | last3=Williams | first3=Carys L. | last4=Upjohn | first4=Melissa M. | last5=Casey | first5=Rachel A. | last6=Christley | first6=Robert M. | title=Longevity of companion dog breeds: those at risk from early death | journal=Scientific Reports | publisher=Springer Science and Business Media LLC | volume=14 | issue=1 | date=2024-02-01 | issn=2045-2322 | doi=10.1038/s41598-023-50458-w | page=531| pmid=38302530 | pmc=10834484 }}</ref> A 2024 Italian study found a life expectancy of 13 years for the breed compared to 10 years overall.<ref>{{cite journal | last1=Roccaro | first1=Mariana | last2=Salini | first2=Romolo | last3=Pietra | first3=Marco | last4=Sgorbini | first4=Micaela | last5=Gori | first5=Eleonora | last6=Dondi | first6=Maurizio | last7=Crisi | first7=Paolo E. | last8=Conte | first8=Annamaria | last9=Dalla Villa | first9=Paolo | last10=Podaliri | first10=Michele | last11=Ciaramella | first11=Paolo | last12=Di Palma | first12=Cristina | last13=Passantino | first13=Annamaria | last14=Porciello | first14=Francesco | last15=Gianella | first15=Paola | last16=Guglielmini | first16=Carlo | last17=Alborali | first17=Giovanni L. | last18=Rota Nodari | first18=Sara | last19=Sabatelli | first19=Sonia | last20=Peli | first20=Angelo | title=Factors related to longevity and mortality of dogs in Italy | journal=Preventive Veterinary Medicine | volume=225 | date=2024 | doi=10.1016/j.prevetmed.2024.106155 | page=106155| doi-access=free | pmid=38394961 | hdl=11585/961937 | hdl-access=free }}</ref>

A 1996 study made by the [[University of Cambridge]] surveying 932 English Cocker Spaniel households throughout Britain found owners to report higher aggression in different coloured English Cocker Spaniels depending on the scenario.<ref>Podberscek AL & Serpell J A (1996) The English Cocker Spaniel: preliminary
findings on aggressive behaviour. Applied Animal Behaviour Science 47: 75-89 cited by {{cite journal|url=https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/0168159195010122|title=Rage syndrome|author=Linda Ward|journal=Applied Animal Behaviour Science |series=Human-Animal Interactions |year=2002|volume=47 |issue=1 |pages=75–89 |publisher=self-published|doi=10.1016/0168-1591(95)01012-2 |url-access=subscription }}</ref><ref name="discov" /> A 2009 study by Spanish researchers at the [[Autonomous University of Barcelona]] found that English Cocker Spaniels were more frequently produced to a referral clinic for aggression and that they had more impulsive attacks than other dogs.<ref name="discov">{{cite news |first=Jennifer|last=Viegas |title=World's Meanest Dog: The English Cocker Spaniel?|newspaper=Discovery News |date=22 May 2009 |access-date=13 September 2009 |url=http://dsc.discovery.com/news/2009/05/22/cocker-spaniel-aggressive.html}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal | last1 = Amat | first1 = Marta | author2 = Xavier Manteca | author3 = Valentina M. Mariotti | author4 = José Luís Ruiz de la Torre | author5 = Jaume Fatjó | title = Aggressive behavior in the English cocker spaniel | journal = Journal of Veterinary Behavior: Clinical Applications and Research | volume = 4 | issue = 3 | pages = 111–17 | publisher = School of Veterinary Medicine | location = Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra | date = May 2009 | url = http://www.journalvetbehavior.com/article/S1558-7878(08)00140-8/abstract | doi = 10.1016/j.jveb.2008.08.010 | access-date = 13 September 2009| url-access = subscription }}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=What is Rage Syndrome?|url=http://www.thecockerspanielclub.co.uk/rage_syndrome.htm|website=The cocker spaniel club|access-date=8 June 2015}}</ref> However, the notion of 'cocker rage' has been dismissed as a myth.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Pacelli |first=Alessandra |date=2023-07-21 |title=The persistent myth of 'Cocker rage' |url=https://dogstodaymagazine.co.uk/2023/07/21/the-persistent-myth-of-cocker-rage/ |access-date=2024-09-15 |website=Dogs Today Magazine |language=en-GB}}</ref>

A review of 2,318 English Cocker Spainels attending veterinary care found the most common conditions to be: [[periodontal disease]] with 20.97% prevalence, [[otitis externa]] with 10.09% prevalence, [[Obesity in pets|obesity]] with 9.88% prevalence, anal sac impaction with 8.07% prevalence, diarrhoea with 4.87% prevalence, and aggression with 4.01% prevalence.<ref name="Engdahl Brodbelt Cameron Church 2023 p. ">{{cite journal | last1=Engdahl | first1=Karolina S. | last2=Brodbelt | first2=Dave C. | last3=Cameron | first3=Carla | last4=Church | first4=David B. | last5=Hedhammar | first5=Åke | last6=O’Neill | first6=Dan G. | title=Demography and disorders of English Cocker Spaniels under primary veterinary care in the UK | journal=Canine Medicine and Genetics | publisher=Springer Science and Business Media LLC | volume=10 | issue=1 | date=2023-05-19 | issn=2662-9380 | doi=10.1186/s40575-023-00128-x | doi-access=free | page=4| pmid=37202773 | pmc=10197368 }}</ref>

The English Cocker Spaniel is predisposed to [[chronic hepatitis]],<ref>{{cite journal | last=Bexfield | first=Nick | title=Canine Idiopathic Chronic Hepatitis | journal=Veterinary Clinics of North America: Small Animal Practice | volume=47 | issue=3 | date=2017 | doi=10.1016/j.cvsm.2016.11.012 | pages=645–663| pmid=28063746 | url=http://eprints.nottingham.ac.uk/40734/ }}</ref> with one study finding the breed to be 2.78 times more likely to acquire the disease.<ref>{{cite journal | last1=Bandara | first1=Y. | last2=Bayton | first2=W. A. | last3=Williams | first3=T. L. | last4=Scase | first4=T. | last5=Bexfield | first5=N. H. | title=Histopathological frequency of canine hepatobiliary disease in the United Kingdom | journal=Journal of Small Animal Practice | volume=62 | issue=9 | date=2021 | issn=0022-4510 | doi=10.1111/jsap.13354 | pages=730–736| pmid=34155648 }}</ref>

The English Cocker Spaniel is one of the more commonly affected breeds for [[progressive rod-cone degeneration]]. An [[autosomal recessive]] mutation in the [[PRCD]] gene is responsible for the condition in the breed.<ref>{{cite book |author1-first=James A.C. |author1-last=Oliver |author2-first=Cathryn S. |author2-last=Mellersh | editor1-first=Barbara | editor1-last=Cooper | editor2-first=Elizabeth |editor2-last=Mullineaux |editor3-first=Lynn | editor3-last=Turner |title=BSAVA Textbook of Veterinary Nursing |date=2020 |publisher=British Small Animal Veterinary Association |isbn=978-1-910-44339-2 |edition=Sixth|chapter=Genetics| page=131}}</ref>