Editing English art (section)

==18th and 19th centuries==
{{main|Art of the United Kingdom}}
In the 18th century, English painting's distinct style and tradition continued to concentrate frequently on portraiture, but interest in landscapes increased, and a new focus was placed on [[history painting]], which was regarded as the highest of the [[hierarchy of genres]],<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/culture/art/art-features/10562014/Painting-history-Manet-on-a-mission.html |title=Painting history: Manet on a mission |newspaper=[[The Daily Telegraph]] |access-date=29 August 2017 }}</ref> and is exemplified in the extraordinary work of Sir [[James Thornhill]] (1675/1676–1734). History painter [[Robert Streater]] (1621–1679) was highly thought of in his time.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.theguardian.com/artanddesign/2008/aug/04/architecture |title=Sheldonian ceiling restored |newspaper=[[The Guardian]] |access-date=29 August 2017}}</ref>

[[William Hogarth]] (1697–1764) reflected the burgeoning English [[Social class in the United Kingdom|middle-class]] temperament  — English in habits, disposition, and temperament, as well as by birth. His [[satire|satirical]] works, full of [[black humour]], point out to contemporary society the deformities, weaknesses and vices of [[18th-century London|London life]]. Hogarth's influence can be found in the distinctively English satirical tradition continued by [[James Gillray]] (1756–1815), and [[George Cruikshank]] (1792–1878).<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/comment/personal-view/11202643/Hogarth-the-father-of-the-modern-cartoon.html |title=Hogarth, the father of the modern cartoon |newspaper=[[The Daily Telegraph]] |access-date=29 August 2017}}</ref> One of the genres in which Hogarth worked was the [[conversation piece]], a form in which certain of his contemporaries also excelled: [[Joseph Highmore]] (1692–1780), [[Francis Hayman]] (1708–1776), and [[Arthur Devis (1712–1787)|Arthur Devis]] (1712–1787).<ref>{{cite book |title=Britain in the Hanoverian Age, 1714-1837 |last=Newman |first=Gerald |year=1978 |publisher=[[Routledge]] |location=London |isbn=0815303963 |page=525}}</ref>

Portraits were in England, as in Europe, the easiest and most profitable way for an artist to make a living, and the English tradition continued to show the relaxed elegance of the portrait-style traceable to Van Dyck. The leading portraitists are: [[Thomas Gainsborough]] (1727–1788); Sir [[Joshua Reynolds]] (1723–1792), founder of the [[Royal Academy of Arts]]; [[George Romney (painter)|George Romney]] (1734–1802); [[Lemuel Francis Abbott|Lemuel "Francis" Abbott]] (1760/61–1802); [[Richard Westall]] (1765–1836); Sir [[Thomas Lawrence (painter)|Thomas Lawrence]] (1769–1830); and [[Thomas Phillips]] (1770–1845). Also of note are [[Jonathan Richardson]] (1667–1745) and his pupil (and defiant son-in-law) [[Thomas Hudson (painter)|Thomas Hudson]] (1701–1779). [[Joseph Wright of Derby]] (1734–1797) was well known for his candlelight pictures; [[George Stubbs]] (1724–1806) and, later, [[Edwin Henry Landseer]] (1802–1873) for their [[Animal painter|animal painting]]s. By the end of the century, the English [[swagger portrait]] was much admired abroad.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://therp.co.uk/a-short-history-of-british-portraiture/ |title=A Short History of British Portraiture |publisher=[[Royal Society of Portrait Painters]] |access-date=29 August 2017}}</ref>

London's [[William Blake]] (1757–1827) produced a diverse and visionary body of work defying straightforward classification; critic [[Jonathan Jones (journalist)|Jonathan Jones]] regards him as "far and away the greatest artist Britain has ever produced".<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.theguardian.com/arts/critic/feature/0,1169,1469584,00.html |title=Blake's heaven |newspaper=[[The Guardian]] |access-date=31 August 2017 }}</ref> Blake's artist friends included [[Neoclassicism|neoclassicist]] [[John Flaxman]] (1755–1826), and [[Thomas Stothard]] (1755–1834) with whom Blake quarrelled.

In the popular imagination English [[landscape painting]] from the 18th century onwards typifies English art, inspired largely from the love of the [[pastoral]] and mirroring as it does the development of larger [[country house]]s set in a pastoral rural landscape.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.theguardian.com/artanddesign/2012/nov/23/constable-turner-gainsborough-making-landscape |title=Constable, Turner, Gainsborough and the Making of Landscape |newspaper=[[The Guardian]] |access-date=30 August 2017}}</ref> Two English [[Romanticism|Romantic]]s are largely responsible for raising the status of [[landscape painting]] worldwide: [[John Constable]] (1776–1837) and [[J. M. W. Turner]] (1775–1851), who is credited with elevating landscape painting to an eminence rivalling history painting.<ref>{{cite journal| quote="At the turn of the 18th century, history painting was the highest purpose art could serve, and Turner would attempt those heights all his life. But his real achievement would be to make landscape the equal of history painting."| last=Lacayo| first=Richard| title=The Sunshine Boy| work=[[Time (magazine)|Time]]| url=http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,1670528,00.html| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071012172424/http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,1670528,00.html| url-status=dead| archive-date=October 12, 2007| date=11 October 2007}}</ref><ref>{{cite encyclopedia|url=https://www.britannica.com/art/landscape-painting |title=British Watercolours 1750-1900: The Landscape Genre |encyclopedia=[[Encyclopædia Britannica]] |access-date=29 August 2017}}</ref> Other notable 18th and 19th century landscape painters include: [[George Arnald]] (1763–1841); [[John Linnell (painter)|John Linnell]] (1792–1882), a rival to Constable in his time; [[George Morland]] (1763–1804), who developed on [[Francis Barlow (artist)|Francis Barlow]]'s tradition of [[Animal painter|animal and rustic painting]]; [[Samuel Palmer]] (1805–1881); [[Paul Sandby]] (1731–1809), who is recognised as the father of English [[watercolour painting]];<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/culture/art/art-reviews/7691403/Paul-Sandby-at-Royal-Academy-Seven-magazine-review.html |title=Paul Sandby at Royal Academy |newspaper=[[The Daily Telegraph]] |access-date=29 August 2017 }}</ref> and subsequent watercolourists [[John Robert Cozens]] (1752–1797), Turner's friend [[Thomas Girtin]] (1775–1802), and [[Thomas Heaphy]] (1775–1835).<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.vam.ac.uk/content/articles/b/british-watercolours-landscape-genre/ |title=Landscape painting |publisher=[[Victoria and Albert Museum]] |access-date=29 August 2017}}</ref>

The early 19th century saw the emergence of the [[Norwich School (art movement)|Norwich school]] of painters, the first provincial [[art movement]] outside of London. Short-lived owing to sparse patronage and internal dissent, its prominent members were "founding father" [[John Crome]] (1768–1821), [[John Sell Cotman]] (1782–1842), [[James Stark (painter)|James Stark]] (1794–1859), and [[Joseph Stannard]] (1797–1830).<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/norfolk/content/articles/2008/04/09/mie_norfolk_feature.shtml |title=Made In England: Norfolk |work=[[BBC Online]] |access-date=29 August 2017}}</ref>

The [[Pre-Raphaelite Brotherhood]] movement, established in the 1840s, dominated English art in the second half of the 19th century. Its members — [[William Holman Hunt]] (1827–1910), [[Dante Gabriel Rossetti]] (1828–1882), [[John Everett Millais]] (1828–1896) and others — concentrated on religious, literary, and [[genre works]] executed in a colorful and minutely detailed, almost photographic style.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/culture/art/art-features/5497198/Pre-Raphaelite-art-the-paintings-that-obsessed-the-Victorians.html |title=Pre-Raphaelite art: the paintings that obsessed the Victorians |newspaper=[[The Daily Telegraph]] |access-date=29 August 2017}}</ref> [[Ford Madox Brown]] (1821–1893) shared the Pre-Raphaelites' principles.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/culture/7157133/Into-the-Frame-the-Four-Loves-of-Ford-Madox-Brown-by-Angela-Thirlwell-review.html |title=Into the Frame: the Four Loves of Ford Madox Brown by Angela Thirlwell: review |newspaper=[[The Daily Telegraph]] |access-date=29 August 2017}}</ref>

Leading English art critic [[John Ruskin]] (1819–1900) was hugely influential in the latter half of the 19th century; from the 1850s he championed the Pre-Raphaelites, who were influenced by his ideas.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.theguardian.com/books/2013/mar/29/ruskin-effie-marriage-inconvenience-brownell |title=John Ruskin's marriage: what really happened |newspaper=[[The Guardian]] |access-date=31 August 2017 }}</ref> [[William Morris]] (1834–1896), founder of the [[Arts and Crafts Movement]], emphasised the value of traditional [[Handicraft#The Arts and Crafts movement in the West|craft skills]] which seemed to be in decline in the mass [[Second Industrial Revolution|industrial age]]. His designs, like the work of the Pre-Raphaelite painters with whom he was associated, referred frequently to [[Medieval art|medieval]] [[Motif (folkloristics)|motif]]s.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/technology/2016/03/24/william-morris-the-influential-designer-and-radical-thinker-whos/ |title=Who was William Morris? The textile designer and early socialist whose legacy is still felt today |newspaper=[[The Daily Telegraph]] |access-date=31 August 2017}}</ref> English narrative painter [[William Powell Frith]] (1819–1909) has been described as the "greatest British painter of the social scene since Hogarth",<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.tate.org.uk/art/artists/william-powell-frith-194 |title=William Powell Frith, 1819–1909 |publisher=[[Tate]] |access-date=11 September 2017}}</ref> and painter and sculptor [[George Frederic Watts]] (1817–1904) became famous for his [[Symbolism (arts)|symbolist]] work.

The [[Courage|gallant spirit]] of 19th century English [[War artist|military art]] helped shape [[Victorian era|Victorian]] England's self-image.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.theguardian.com/artanddesign/2015/nov/23/artist-and-empire-review-tate-britain |title=Artist and Empire review – a captivating look at the colonial times we still live in |newspaper=[[The Guardian]] |access-date=31 August 2017}}</ref> Notable English military artists include: John Edward Chapman 'Chester' Mathews (1843–1927);<ref>{{cite web|url=https://collection.nam.ac.uk/detail.php?acc=2000-06-184-1 |title=The Charge of the 21st Lancers at Omdurman, 2 September 1898 |publisher=[[National Army Museum]] |access-date=31 August 2017 }}</ref> [[Elizabeth Thompson|Lady Butler]] (1846–1933);<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/culture/art/art-news/11751356/Tate-Britain-to-explore-but-not-celebrate-art-and-the-British-Empire.html |title=Tate Britain to explore - but not celebrate - art and the British Empire |newspaper=[[The Daily Telegraph]] |access-date=31 August 2017}}</ref> Frank Dadd (1851–1929); Edward Matthew Hale (1852–1924); [[Charles Edwin Fripp]] (1854–1906);<ref>{{cite web|url=https://collection.nam.ac.uk/detail.php?acc=1960-11-182-1 |title=The Battle of Isandlwana, 22 January 1879 |publisher=[[National Army Museum]] |access-date=31 August 2017}}</ref> [[Richard Caton Woodville, Jr.]] (1856–1927);<ref>{{cite web|url=https://collection.nam.ac.uk/detail.php?acc=1988-06-19-1 |title=The Charge of the Light Brigade, 1854 |publisher=[[National Army Museum]] |access-date=31 August 2017 }}</ref> [[Harry Payne (artist)|Harry Payne]] (1858–1927);<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.lookandlearn.com/blog/9556/harry-payne-artist/ |title=Harry Payne: Artist |publisher=[[Look and Learn]] |access-date=31 August 2017}}</ref> George Delville Rowlandson (1861–1930); and [[Edgar Alfred Holloway]] (1870–1941).<ref>{{cite web|url=http://angloboerwarmuseum.com/Boer93l_holloway.html |title=Edgar Alfred Holloway - 1870-1941 |publisher=Canadian Anglo-Boer War Museum |access-date=31 August 2017}}</ref> [[Thomas Davidson (painter)|Thomas Davidson]] (1842–1919), who specialised in historical naval scenes,<ref>{{cite web|url=http://collections.rmg.co.uk/collections/objects/147966.html |title=Nelson's Last Signal at Trafalgar |publisher=[[National Maritime Museum]] |access-date=12 September 2017}}</ref> incorporated remarkable reproductions of [[Horatio Nelson, 1st Viscount Nelson|Nelson]]-related works by [[George Arnald|Arnald]], [[Richard Westall|Westall]] and [[Lemuel Francis Abbott|Abbott]] in ''England's Pride and Glory'' (1894).<ref>{{cite web|url=http://collections.rmg.co.uk/collections/objects/13291.html |title=England's Pride and Glory |publisher=[[National Maritime Museum]] |access-date=12 September 2017}}</ref>

To the end of the 19th century, the art of [[Aubrey Beardsley]] (1872–1898) contributed to the development of [[Art Nouveau]], and suggested, among other things, an interest in the visual art of [[Japan]].<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.theguardian.com/artanddesign/2013/oct/01/shunga-sex-pleasure-erotic-japanese-art |title=Erotic bliss shared by all at Shunga: Sex and Pleasure in Japanese Art |newspaper=[[The Guardian]] |access-date=30 August 2017}}</ref>

===18th and 19th centuries: gallery===
<gallery widths="154px" heights="154px">
File:The west wall of the Painted Hall at the Old Royal Naval College.jpg|West wall of [[James Thornhill]]'s Painted Hall at the [[Old Royal Naval College]]; 1707–1726.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.ornc.org/history-of-the-painted-hall|title=History of the Painted Hall|publisher=[[Old Royal Naval College]]|access-date=1 September 2017|archive-date=11 July 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190711072701/https://www.ornc.org/history-of-the-painted-hall|url-status=dead}}</ref>
File:Alexander Pope circa 1736.jpeg|[[Jonathan Richardson|Richardson]]'s portrait of [[Alexander Pope]]; c. 1736.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.mfa.org/collections/object/alexander-pope-32107|title=Alexander Pope|publisher=[[Museum of Fine Arts, Boston]]|access-date=1 September 2017 }}</ref>
File:Marriage A-la-Mode 2, The Tête à Tête - William Hogarth.jpg|[[William Hogarth|Hogarth]]'s ''[[Marriage A-la-Mode (Hogarth)|Marriage A-la-Mode]]: 2, The Tête à Tête''; c. 1743.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.nationalgallery.org.uk/paintings/william-hogarth-marriage-a-la-mode-2-the-tete-a-tete|title=Marriage A-la-Mode: 2, The Tête à Tête|publisher=[[National Gallery]]|access-date=1 September 2017 }}</ref>
File:Major-General James Wolfe.jpg|[[Joseph Highmore|Highmore]]'s portrait of General [[James Wolfe]]; 1749.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.nationaltrustcollections.org.uk/object/529075|title=General James Wolfe (1727-1759) as a Young Man|publisher=[[National Trust for Places of Historic Interest or Natural Beauty|National Trust]]-[[Quebec House]]|access-date=1 September 2017 }}</ref>
File:Thomas Gainsborough-Andrews.jpg|[[Thomas Gainsborough|Gainsborough]]'s ''[[Mr and Mrs Andrews]]''; c. 1750.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.nationalgallery.org.uk/paintings/thomas-gainsborough-mr-and-mrs-andrews|title=Mr and Mrs Andrews|publisher=[[National Gallery]]|access-date=1 September 2017 }}</ref>
File:Arthur Devis 13.jpg|[[Arthur Devis (1712–1787)|Arthur Devis]]'s "[[conversation piece]]" portrait of the [[East India Company]]'s Robert James and family; 1751.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.independent.co.uk/arts-entertainment/art/great-works/great-works-the-james-family-1751-by-arthur-devis-8495335.html|title=Great Works: The James Family (1751) by Arthur Devis|newspaper=[[The Independent]]|access-date=1 September 2017 }}</ref>
File:Lord Clive meeting with Mir Jafar after the Battle of Plassey.jpg|[[Francis Hayman]]'s ''[[Robert Clive]] and Mir Jafar after the [[Battle of Plassey]]''; 1757.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.npg.org.uk/collections/search/portrait/mw01347/Robert-Clive-and-Mir-Jafar-after-the-Battle-of-Plassey-1757|title=Robert Clive and Mir Jafar after the Battle of Plassey, 1757|publisher=[[National Portrait Gallery, London]]|access-date=1 September 2017 }}</ref>
File:Whistlejacket by George Stubbs edit.jpg|[[George Stubbs]]'s ''[[Whistlejacket]]''; c. 1762.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/stubbss-equine-masterpiece-puts-animal-passion-into-the-national-1335914.html|title=Stubbs's equine masterpiece puts animal passion into the National|newspaper=[[The Independent]]|access-date=11 September 2017 }}</ref>
File:Warren Hastings by Joshua Reynolds.jpg|Sir [[Joshua Reynolds]]'s portrait of [[Warren Hastings]]; 1766–1768.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.npg.org.uk/collections/search/portrait/mw02979/Warren-Hastings|title=Warren Hastings|publisher=[[National Portrait Gallery, London]]|access-date=1 September 2017 }}</ref>
File:Joseph Wright of Derby - Experiment with the Air Pump - WGA25892.jpg|[[Joseph Wright of Derby]]'s ''[[An Experiment on a Bird in the Air Pump]]''; 1768.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.nationalgallery.org.uk/paintings/joseph-wright-of-derby-an-experiment-on-a-bird-in-the-air-pump|title=An Experiment on a Bird in the Air Pump|publisher=[[National Gallery]]|access-date=2 September 2017 }}</ref>
File:George Romney - Emma Hart in a Straw Hat.jpg|[[George Romney (painter)|George Romney]]'s ''[[Emma, Lady Hamilton|Emma Hart]] in a Straw Hat''; 1785.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.liverpoolmuseums.org.uk/walker/exhibitions/romney/biography/emmageorge.aspx|title=Emma Hamilton and George Romney|publisher=[[Walker Art Gallery]]|access-date=1 September 2017 }}</ref>
File:Vice-Admiral Horatio Nelson, 1758-1805, 1st Viscount Nelson.jpg|[[Lemuel Francis Abbott]]'s portrait of Vice-Admiral [[Horatio Nelson, 1st Viscount Nelson|Horatio Nelson]]; 1797.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.npg.org.uk/collections/search/portrait/mw04633/Horatio-Nelson|title=Horatio Nelson|publisher=[[National Portrait Gallery, London]]|access-date=1 September 2017 }}</ref>
File:Europe a Prophecy copy D 1794 British Museum object 1.jpg|[[William Blake]]'s ''[[The Ancient of Days]]'', [[Book frontispiece|frontispiece]] to ''[[Europe a Prophecy]]''; 1794.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.britishmuseum.org/research/collection_online/collection_object_details.aspx?objectId=1344764&partId=1|title=Europe: a Prophecy|publisher=[[British Museum]]|access-date=11 September 2017 }}</ref>
File:Palmerston 1802.jpg|[[Thomas Heaphy]]'s portrait of [[Henry John Temple, 3rd Viscount Palmerston|Palmerston]]; 1802.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.npg.org.uk/collections/search/portraitExtended/mw04846/Henry-John-Temple-3rd-Viscount-Palmerston|title=Henry John Temple, 3rd Viscount Palmerston|publisher=[[National Portrait Gallery, London]]|access-date=11 September 2017 }}</ref>
File:Nelson at Cadiz.jpg|[[Richard Westall]]'s ''Nelson in conflict with a Spanish launch, 3 July 1797''; 1806.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://collections.rmg.co.uk/collections/objects/14381.html|title=Nelson in conflict with a Spanish launch, 3 July 1797|publisher=[[National Maritime Museum]]|access-date=12 September 2017 }}</ref>
File:Thomas Stothard Canterbury Pilgrims 318 x 952 mm.jpg|[[Thomas Stothard]]'s ''Procession of the Canterbury Pilgrims''; 1806–7.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.tate.org.uk/art/artworks/stothard-the-pilgrimage-to-canterbury-n01163|title=The Pilgrimage to Canterbury, 1806–7|publisher=[[Tate]]|access-date=11 September 2017 }}</ref>
File:James Gillray - The Plum-Pudding in Danger - WGA08993.jpg|[[James Gillray|Gillray]]'s ''[[The Plumb-pudding in danger]]''; 1805.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.bl.uk/collection-items/the-plumb-pudding-in-danger---or---state-epicures-taking-un-petit-souper-by-gillray|title=The Plumb-pudding in danger - or - State Epicures taking un Petit Souper by Gillray|publisher=[[British Library]]|access-date=2 September 2017 }}</ref>
File:Saluting the Regent's Bomb.jpg|[[George Cruikshank|Cruikshank]]'s ''Saluting the [[George IV of the United Kingdom|Regent]]'s Bomb''; 1816.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.britishmuseum.org/research/collection_online/collection_object_details.aspx?objectId=1600515&partId=1|title=Saluting the R-ts bomb uncovered on his birth day August 12th. 1816|publisher=[[British Museum]]|access-date=2 September 2017 }}</ref>
File:Sir Arthur Wellesley Duke of Wellington.jpg|[[Thomas Lawrence (painter)|Lawrence]]'s post-[[Battle of Waterloo|Waterloo]] ''[[Portrait of the Duke of Wellington (Lawrence)|Portrait of the Duke of Wellington]]''; 1816.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://waterloo200.org/200-object/thomas-phillips-portrait-of-wellington/|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160925105953/http://waterloo200.org/200-object/thomas-phillips-portrait-of-wellington/|url-status=usurped|archive-date=September 25, 2016|title=Portrait of Duke of Wellington|publisher=Waterloo 200|access-date=2 September 2017 }}</ref>
File:The Battle of the Nile.jpg|[[George Arnald]]'s ''The Destruction of '[[French ship Orient (1791)|L'Orient]]' at the [[Battle of the Nile]], 1 August 1798''; 1825–27.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://collections.rmg.co.uk/collections/objects/12001.html|title=The Destruction of 'L'Orient' at the Battle of the Nile, 1 August 1798|publisher=[[National Maritime Museum]]|access-date=12 September 2017 }}</ref>
File:Lord Byron in Albanian dress.jpg|[[Thomas Phillips|Phillips]]'s ''[[Lord Byron in Albanian Dress]]''; c. 1835.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.bl.uk/collection-items/byron-portrait|title=Portrait of Lord Byron in Albanian Dress|publisher=[[British Library]]|access-date=1 September 2017|archive-date=28 March 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170328165248/http://www.bl.uk/collection-items/byron-portrait|url-status=dead}}</ref>
File:George IV 1821 color.jpg|[[Portrait of George IV|King George IV depicted wearing coronation robes and four collars of chivalric orders: the Golden Fleece, Royal Guelphic, Bath and Garter]] by [[Thomas Lawrence]]; c. 1821
File:John Constable The Hay Wain.jpg|[[John Constable]]'s ''[[The Hay Wain]]''; c. 1821
File:John Constable - Salisbury Cathedral from the Bishop's Garden - Google Art Project.jpg|Constable's ''[[Salisbury Cathedral from the Bishop's Grounds]]''; c. 1826 version
File:Turner temeraire.jpg|[[J. M. W. Turner|Turner]]'s ''[[The Fighting Temeraire]]''; 1839.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.nationalgallery.org.uk/paintings/joseph-mallord-william-turner-the-fighting-temeraire|title=The Fighting Temeraire|publisher=[[National Gallery]]|access-date=1 September 2017 }}</ref>
File:Ophelia john everett millais.JPG|[[John Everett Millais|Millais]]'s ''[[Ophelia (painting)|Ophelia]]''; 1851–1852.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.tate.org.uk/art/artworks/millais-ophelia-n01506|title=Ophelia, 1851–2|publisher=[[Tate]]|access-date=2 September 2017 }}</ref>
File:Hunt english coasts.jpg|[[William Holman Hunt|Holman Hunt]]'s ''[[Our English Coasts, 1852 ('Strayed Sheep')|Our English Coasts]]''; 1852.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.tate.org.uk/art/artworks/hunt-our-english-coasts-1852-strayed-sheep-n05665|title=Our English Coasts, 1852 (‘Strayed Sheep’) 1852|publisher=[[Tate]]|access-date=10 September 2017 }}</ref>
File:Ford Madox Brown, The last of England.jpg|[[Ford Madox Brown]]'s ''[[The Last of England (painting)|The Last of England]]''; 1852–1855.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.bmagic.org.uk/objects/1891P24|title=Oil Painting - The Last of England|publisher=[[Birmingham Museum and Art Gallery]]|access-date=2 September 2017 }}</ref>
File:Charles Dickens by Frith 1859.jpg|[[William Powell Frith]]'s portrait of [[Charles Dickens|Dickens]]; 1859.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://collections.vam.ac.uk/item/O17333/charles-dickens-oil-painting-frith-william-powell/|title=Charles Dickens|publisher=[[Victoria and Albert Museum]]|access-date=11 September 2017 }}</ref>
File:John Ruskin CDV by Elliott & Fry, 1867.jpg|[[John Ruskin]], leading English [[art critic]] of the [[Victorian era]]; 1867.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.theguardian.com/books/2000/mar/24/art|title=What to say about... John Ruskin|newspaper=[[The Guardian]]|access-date=2 September 2017 }}</ref>
File:Charles George Gordon by Julia Abercromby.jpg|[[Julia, Lady Abercromby]]'s portrait of [[Charles George Gordon|General Gordon]]; after 1885.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.npg.org.uk/collections/search/portrait/mw02625/Charles-George-Gordon|title=Charles George Gordon|publisher=[[National Portrait Gallery, London]]|access-date=2 September 2017 }}</ref>
File:England's Pride and Glory.jpg|[[Thomas Davidson (painter)|Thomas Davidson]]'s ''England's Pride and Glory''; 1894.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://collections.rmg.co.uk/collections/objects/13291.html|title=England's Pride and Glory|publisher=[[Art UK]]|access-date=13 September 2017 }}</ref>
File:RCWoodvilleJr 21Lancers Omdurman.jpg|[[Richard Caton Woodville, Jr.|Woodville]]'s ''The [[Charge (warfare)|Charge]] of the [[21st Lancers]] at the [[Battle of Omdurman]], 2 September 1898''; 1898.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://prints.national-army-museum.ac.uk/image/821084/the-charge-of-the-21st-lancers-at-the-battle-of-omdurman-1898|title=The Charge of the 21st Lancers at the Battle of Omdurman, 1898|publisher=[[National Army Museum]]|access-date=11 September 2017 }}</ref>
</gallery>