Editing Episodic memory (section)

==Damage==
* Based on a review of behavioral studies, it is suggested that there may be selective damage to the limbic-prefrontal episodic memory system in some [[Autism|autistic people]].<ref>{{cite journal | vauthors = Ben Shalom D | title = Memory in autism: review and synthesis | journal = Cortex; A Journal Devoted to the Study of the Nervous System and Behavior | volume = 39 | issue = 4–5 | pages = 1129–38 | year = 2003 | pmid = 14584570 | doi = 10.1016/S0010-9452(08)70881-5 | s2cid = 53180896 }}</ref> Another study exhibited evidence of autistic deficits in the episodic or self-conscious memory of personally experienced events.<ref>{{cite journal | vauthors = Joseph RM, Steele SD, Meyer E, Tager-Flusberg H | title = Self-ordered pointing in children with autism: failure to use verbal mediation in the service of working memory? | journal = Neuropsychologia | volume = 43 | issue = 10 | pages = 1400–11 | year = 2005 | pmid = 15989932 | doi = 10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2005.01.010 | s2cid = 10924334 }}</ref>
* The label "[[amnesia]]" is most often given to patients with deficits in episodic memory.
* [[Alzheimer's disease]] tends to damage the [[entorhinal cortex ]] and the [[hippocampus]] before other [[Human brain|brain]] areas and this leads to episodic memory loss <ref>{{cite journal | vauthors = Kovács KA | title = Relevance of a Novel Circuit-Level Model of Episodic Memories to Alzheimer's Disease | journal = International Journal of Molecular Sciences | volume = 23 | issue = 1 | pages = 462 | date = December 2021 | doi = 10.3390/ijms23010462 | pmid = 35008886 | pmc = 8745479 | doi-access = free }}</ref>
* A rare type of shellfish poisoning called [[amnesic shellfish poisoning]] or "ASP" quite effectively and irreversibly damages the hippocampus, rendering one amnesic.
* [[Korsakoff's syndrome]] is caused by [[thiamine]] (vitamin B<sub>1</sub>) deficiency, a form of [[malnutrition]] which can be precipitated by overconsumption of [[alcohol (drug)|alcohol]] compared to foods.
* An acute [[cortisol]] level (by injection) has been found to significantly inhibit the [[Recall (memory)|recall]] of [[autobiographical memory|autobiographical memories]]<ref name="pmid15219661">{{cite journal | vauthors = Buss C, Wolf OT, Witt J, Hellhammer DH | title = Autobiographic memory impairment following acute cortisol administration | journal = Psychoneuroendocrinology | volume = 29 | issue = 8 | pages = 1093–6 | date = September 2004 | pmid = 15219661 | doi = 10.1016/j.psyneuen.2003.09.006 | s2cid = 31032066 }}</ref> which may contribute to memory deficits found in [[major depressive disorder|depression]].<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=James |first1=Taylor A. |last2=Weiss-Cowie |first2=Samuel |last3=Hopton |first3=Zachary |last4=Verhaeghen |first4=Paul |last5=Dotson |first5=Vonetta M. |last6=Duarte |first6=Audrey |date=2021 |title=Depression and episodic memory across the adult lifespan: A meta-analytic review. |journal=Psychological Bulletin |language=en |volume=147 |issue=11 |pages=1184–1214 |doi=10.1037/bul0000344 |issn=1939-1455 |pmc=9464351 |pmid=35238585}}</ref>
* The use of [[MDMA]] ("Ecstasy") has been associated with persistent deficits in episodic memory.<ref name="pmid9584971">{{cite journal | vauthors = Parrott AC, Lees A, Garnham NJ, Jones M, Wesnes K | title = Cognitive performance in recreational users of MDMA of 'ecstasy': evidence for memory deficits | journal = Journal of Psychopharmacology | volume = 12 | issue = 1 | pages = 79–83 | year = 2016 | pmid = 9584971 | doi = 10.1177/026988119801200110 | s2cid = 39651353 }}</ref><ref name="pmid9952062">{{cite journal | vauthors = Morgan MJ | title = Memory deficits associated with recreational use of "ecstasy" (MDMA) | journal = Psychopharmacology | volume = 141 | issue = 1 | pages = 30–6 | date = January 1999 | pmid = 9952062 | doi = 10.1007/s002130050803 | s2cid = 2571986 }}</ref>