Editing Equivalent circuit (section)

==In biology==
Equivalent circuits can be used to electrically describe and model either a) continuous materials or biological systems in which current does not actually flow in defined circuits or b) distributed reactances, such as found in electrical lines or windings, that do not represent actual discrete components.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Van Haeverbeke |first1=Maxime |last2=Stock |first2=Michiel |last3=De Baets |first3=Bernard |title=Equivalent Electrical Circuits and Their Use Across Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy Application Domains |journal=IEEE Access |date=2022 |volume=10 |pages=51363–51379 |doi=10.1109/ACCESS.2022.3174067 |s2cid=248713808 |doi-access=free |bibcode=2022IEEEA..1051363H |hdl=1854/LU-8753927 |hdl-access=free }}</ref> For example, a [[cell membrane]] can be modelled as a [[capacitance]] (i.e. the [[lipid bilayer]]) in parallel with [[Electrical resistance|resistance]]-DC [[voltage source]] combinations (i.e. [[ion channel]]s powered by an ion [[gradient]] across the [[artificial membrane|membrane]]).