Editing Evolution-Data Optimized (section)

=== EV-DO Rev. C (TIA-856 Revision C) and TIA-1121 === <!-- This section is linked from redirect [[Ultra Mobile Broadband]]. -->

Qualcomm early on realized that EV-DO was a stop-gap solution, and foresaw an upcoming format war between [[LTE (telecommunication)|LTE]] and determined that a new standard would be needed. Qualcomm originally called this technology EV-DV (Evolution Data and Voice).<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.mobileburn.com/definition.jsp?term=1xEV-DV|title=What is EV-DV? - Definition|first=Michael F. Jr.|last=Oryl|website=www.mobileburn.com|access-date=5 April 2018}}</ref> As EV-DO became more pervasive, EV-DV evolved into EV-DO Rev C.

The EV-DO Rev. C standard was specified by [[3GPP2]] to improve the [[CDMA2000]] mobile phone standard for next generation applications and requirements. It was proposed by [[Qualcomm]] as the natural evolution path for CDMA2000 and the specifications were published by 3GPP2 (C.S0084-*) and TIA (TIA-1121) in 2007 and 2008 respectively.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.cdg.org/news/press/2007/Sep24_07.asp|title=CDG : News & Events : CDG Press Releases|website=www.cdg.org|access-date=5 April 2018|archive-date=21 February 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150221132958/http://www.cdg.org/news/press/2007/Sep24_07.asp|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref name="TIA-1121">{{cite web|url=http://www.tiaonline.org/news-media/press-releases-archive?iframeurl=http://www.tiaonline.org/news_events_/press_room/press_releases/2008/PR-319_TIA_Publishes_UMB_Standards_Suite.cfm|title=Telecommunications Industry Association (TIA) Publishes UMB Standards Suite|work=tiaonline.org|date=19 March 2008|access-date=14 August 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150221132953/http://www.tiaonline.org/news-media/press-releases-archive?iframeurl=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.tiaonline.org%2Fnews_events_%2Fpress_room%2Fpress_releases%2F2008%2FPR-319_TIA_Publishes_UMB_Standards_Suite.cfm|archive-date=21 February 2015|url-status=dead}}</ref>

The brand name '''UMB (Ultra Mobile Broadband)''' was introduced in 2006 as a synonym for this standard.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.cdg.org/news/press/2006/Dec05_06.asp|title=CDG : News & Events : CDG Press Releases|website=www.cdg.org|access-date=5 April 2018|archive-date=21 February 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150221132954/http://www.cdg.org/news/press/2006/Dec05_06.asp|url-status=dead}}</ref>

UMB was intended to be a [[4G|fourth-generation]] technology, which would make it compete with [[LTE (telecommunication)|LTE]] and [[WiMAX]]. These technologies use a high bandwidth, low latency, underlying [[Internet Protocol|TCP/IP]] network with high level services such as voice built on top. Widespread deployment of 4G networks promises to make applications that were previously not feasible not only possible but ubiquitous. Examples of such applications include mobile [[High-definition television|high definition video]] streaming and mobile gaming.

Like LTE, the UMB system was to be based upon Internet networking technologies running over a next generation radio system, with peak rates of up to 280&nbsp;Mbit/s. Its designers intended for the system to be more efficient and capable of providing more services than the technologies it was intended to replace. To provide compatibility with the systems it was intended to replace, UMB was to support handoffs with other technologies including existing CDMA2000 1X and 1xEV-DO systems.

UMB's use of OFDMA would have eliminated many of the disadvantages of the CDMA technology used by its predecessor, including the "breathing" phenomenon, the difficulty of adding capacity via microcells, the fixed bandwidth sizes that limit the total bandwidth available to handsets, and the near complete control by one company of the required intellectual property.

While capacity of existing Rel. B networks can be increased 1.5-fold by using EVRC-B voice codec and QLIC handset interference cancellation, 1x Advanced and EV-DO Advanced offers up to 4x network capacity increase using  BTS interference cancellation (reverse link interference cancellation), multi-carrier links, and smart network management technologies.<ref>{{cite web|title=DO Advanced: Maximizing the Performance of EV-DO|url=http://www.qualcomm.com/media/documents/do-advanced-maximizing-performance-ev-do|publisher=Qualcomm|date=October 27, 2011|access-date=March 17, 2012|archive-date=June 24, 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120624200522/http://www.qualcomm.com/media/documents/do-advanced-maximizing-performance-ev-do|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=1X Advanced – Four-Fold Increase in Voice Capacity Whitepaper|url=http://www.qualcomm.com/media/documents/1x-advanced-four-fold-increase-voice-capacity-whitepaper|publisher=Qualcomm|date=May 1, 2009|access-date=March 17, 2012|archive-date=June 24, 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120624202036/http://www.qualcomm.com/media/documents/1x-advanced-four-fold-increase-voice-capacity-whitepaper|url-status=dead}}</ref>

In November 2008, [[Qualcomm]], UMB's lead sponsor, announced it was ending development of the technology, favoring [[LTE (telecommunication)|LTE]] instead. This followed the announcement that most CDMA carriers chose to adopt either [[WiMAX]] or [[LTE (telecommunication)|LTE]] standard as their 4G technology. In fact no carrier had announced plans to adopt UMB.<ref>[https://www.reuters.com/article/marketsNews/idUSN1335969420081113?rpc=401& Qualcomm halts UMB project], Reuters, November 13th, 2008</ref>

However, during the ongoing development process of the 4G technology, 3GPP added some functionalities to LTE, allowing it to become a sole upgrade path for all wireless networks.

==== Features ====
* [[OFDMA]]-based air interface
* [[Duplex (telecommunications)|Frequency Division Duplex]]
* Scalable bandwidth between 1.25–20&nbsp;MHz (OFDMA systems are especially well suited for wider bandwidths larger than 5&nbsp;MHz)
* Support of mixed cell sizes, e.g., macro-cellular, [[Microcell|micro-cellular]] & pico-cellular.
* [[Internet Protocol|IP]] network architecture
* Support of flat, centralized and mixed topologies
* Data speeds over 275&nbsp;Mbit/s downstream and over 75&nbsp;Mbit/s upstream
<!--*Built upon large PP2 ecosystem with track history of early delivery of robust and advanced wireless systems -- this needs translating into English. WTX is PP2? -->
* Significantly higher data rates & reduced latencies using Forward Link (FL) advanced antenna techniques
** [[MIMO]], [[Space-division multiple access|SDMA]] and [[Beamforming]]
* Higher Reverse Link (RL) sector capacity with quasi-orthogonal reverse link	
* Increased cell edge user data rates using adaptive interference management
** Dynamic fractional frequency reuse
** Distributed RL power control based on other cell interference
* Real time services enabled by fast seamless L1/L2 handoffs 
** Independent RL & FL handoffs provide better airlink and handoff performance
* Power optimization through use of quick paging and semi-connected state
* Low-overhead signaling using flexible airlink resource management
* Fast access and request using RL [[CDMA]] control channels
* New scalable IP architecture supports inter-technology handoffs
** New handoff mechanisms support real-time services throughout the network and across different airlink technologies
* Fast acquisition and efficient multi-carrier operation through use of beacons 
* Multi-carrier configuration supports incremental deployment & mix of low-complexity & wideband devices