Editing Fact–value distinction (section)

===Functionalist counterexamples===
Several counterexamples have been offered by philosophers claiming to show that there are cases when an evaluative statement does indeed logically follow from a factual statement. [[Arthur Prior|A. N. Prior]] argues, from the statement "He is a sea captain," that it logically follows, "He ought to do what a sea captain ought to do."{{sfn|MacIntyre|2007|p=[https://archive.org/details/aftervirtuestudy00alas/page/57 57]}} [[Alasdair MacIntyre]] argues, from the statement "This watch is grossly inaccurate and irregular in time-keeping and too heavy to carry about comfortably," that the evaluative conclusion validly follows, "This is a bad watch."{{sfn|MacIntyre|2007|p=[https://archive.org/details/aftervirtuestudy00alas/page/57 57–58]}} [[John Searle]] argues, from the statement "Jones promised to pay Smith five dollars," that it logically follows that "Jones ought to pay Smith five dollars", such that the act of promising by definition places the promiser under obligation.<ref>{{Cite book |last=MacNiven |first=Don |url=https://archive.org/details/creativemorality0000macn/page/40/mode/2up |title=Creative Morality |date=1993 |publisher=[[Routledge]] |isbn=978-0415000307 |pages=41–42}}</ref>