Editing First Red Scare (section)

====June 1919 bombs====
In June 1919, eight bombs, far larger than those mailed in April, exploded almost simultaneously in several U.S. cities. These new bombs were believed to contain up to twenty-five pounds of dynamite,<ref name="PLO">"Plotter Here Hid Trail Skillfully; His Victim Was A Night Watchman", ''The New York Times'', June 4, 1919</ref><ref name="WRE">"Wreck Judge Nott's Home", ''The New York Times'', June 3, 1919</ref> and all were wrapped or packaged with heavy metal slugs designed to act as shrapnel.<ref>"20 Pounds of Dynamite In Bomb Used in New York", ''The Washington Post'', June 4, 1919</ref> All of the intended targets had participated in some way with the investigation of or the opposition to anarchist radicals. Along with Attorney General Palmer, who was targeted a second time, the intended victims included a Massachusetts state representative and a New Jersey silk manufacturer. Fatalities included a New York City night watchman, William Boehner,<ref name="PLO"/><ref name="WRE"/><ref>{{Cite news|url=https://chroniclingamerica.loc.gov/lccn/sn83030214/1919-06-04/ed-1/seq-4/#date1=1919&index=0&rows=20&searchType=advanced&language=&sequence=0&words=Boehner+William+WILLIAM&proxdistance=5&date2=1919&ortext=William+Boehner&proxtext=&phrasetext=&andtext=&dateFilterType=yearRange&page=1|title=Boehner Was Martyr to Duty, Family of Watchman Believes|date=June 4, 1919|work=New York Tribune|access-date=June 21, 2019|page=4|archive-date=August 26, 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180826161629/https://chroniclingamerica.loc.gov/lccn/sn83030214/1919-06-04/ed-1/seq-4/#date1=1919&index=0&rows=20&searchType=advanced&language=&sequence=0&words=Boehner+William+WILLIAM&proxdistance=5&date2=1919&ortext=William+Boehner&proxtext=&phrasetext=&andtext=&dateFilterType=yearRange&page=1|url-status=live}}</ref><!--Find a Grave is [[WP:RS/P|not a reliable source]]--> and one of the bombers, [[Carlo Valdinoci]], a [[Luigi Galleani|Galleanist]] radical who died in spectacular fashion when the bomb he placed at the home of Attorney General Palmer exploded in his face.<ref>Avrich, Paul, ''Anarchist Voices: An Oral History of Anarchism in America'' (AK Press, 2005) {{ISBN|1-904859-27-5}}, {{ISBN|978-1-904859-27-7}}, p. 496</ref> Though not seriously injured, Attorney General Palmer and his family were thoroughly shaken by the blast, and their home was largely demolished.<ref>Avrich, p. 153</ref>

All of the bombs were delivered with pink flyers bearing the title "Plain Words" that accused the intended victims of waging class war and promised: "We will destroy to rid the world of your tyrannical institutions."<ref>Avrich, 149</ref> Police and the Bureau of Investigation tracked the flyer to a print shop owned by an anarchist, [[Andrea Salsedo|Andrea Salcedo]], but never obtained sufficient evidence for a prosecution. Evidence from Valdonoci's death, bomb components, and accounts from participants later tied both bomb attacks to the Galleanists.<ref>Avrich, Paul, ''Sacco and Vanzetti: The Anarchist Background'', Princeton University Press (1991), pp. 168–183</ref> Though some of the Galleanists were deported or left the country voluntarily, attacks by remaining members continued until 1932.<ref>Avrich, Paul, ''Anarchist Voices: An Oral History of Anarchism in America'' (AK Press, 2005) {{ISBN|1-904859-27-5}}, {{ISBN|978-1-904859-27-7}}, pp. 132, 501</ref>