Editing Forward-looking infrared (section)

== Police actions ==
In 2001, the [[United States Supreme Court]] decided in ''[[Kyllo v. United States]]'' that performing surveillance of private property (ostensibly to detect high emission [[grow light]]s used in clandestine cannabis farming) using thermal imaging cameras without a [[search warrant]] by law enforcement violates the [[Fourth Amendment to the United States Constitution|Fourth Amendment's]] protection from unreasonable searches and seizures.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.law.cornell.edu/supct/html/99-8508.ZS.html |title=KYLLO V. UNITED STATES (99-8508) 533 U.S. 27 (2001) 190 F.3d 1041, reversed and remanded.|publisher=Law.cornell.edu |access-date=2008-12-11}}</ref>

In the 2004 ''[[R. v. Tessling]]'' judgment,<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://scc.lexum.org/en/2004/2004scc67/2004scc67.html |title=R v Tessling, (2004) 3 S.C.R. 432, 2004 SCC 67 |access-date=2011-04-06 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120403173920/http://scc.lexum.org/en/2004/2004scc67/2004scc67.html |archive-date=2012-04-03 |url-status=dead }}</ref> the [[Supreme Court of Canada]] determined that the use of [[Bombardier Dash-8|airborne FLIR in surveillance by police]] was permitted without requiring a search warrant. The Court determined that the general nature of the data gathered by FLIR did not reveal personal information of the occupants and therefore was not in violation of Tessling's Section 8 rights afforded under the [[Charter of Rights and Freedoms]] (1982). [[Ian Binnie]] distinguished the Canadian law with respect to the Kyllo judgment, by agreeing with the Kyllo minority that public officials should not have to avert their senses or their equipment from detecting emissions in the public domain such as excessive heat, traces of smoke, suspicious odors, odorless gases, airborne particulates, or radioactive emissions, any of which could identify hazards to the community.

In June 2014, the Canadian National Aerial Surveillance Program DHC-8M-100 aircraft mounted with [[infrared sensor]]s was instrumental in the search for [[Justin Bourque]], a fugitive who had killed three [[Royal Canadian Mounted Police]] members in [[Moncton]]. The plane's crew used its advanced heat-sensing camera to discover Bourque's heat signature in the deep brushwoods at midnight.<ref>[http://www.ctvnews.ca/canada/funeral-for-3-fallen-rcmp-officers-to-be-held-tuesday-in-moncton-1.1857807 ctvnews.ca: "Funeral for 3 fallen RCMP officers to be held Tuesday in Moncton" 7 Jun 2014]</ref>

During [[2015 Baltimore protests]], the [[Federal Bureau of Investigation|FBI]] conducted 10 aerial surveillance missions between April 29 and May 3, which included "infrared and day color, full-motion FLIR video evidence" collection, according to FBI spokesman Christopher Allen.<ref name="TALON">[https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/the-switch/wp/2015/10/30/fbi-spy-planes-used-thermal-imaging-tech-in-flights-over-baltimore-after-freddie-gray-unrest/ FBI spy planes used thermal imaging tech in flights over Baltimore after Freddie Gray unrest], The Washington Post, October 30, 2015</ref> A FLIR Talon multi-sensor camera system equipped with an infrared laser pointer (which is invisible to casual observers) for illumination purposes was used to gather data at night.<ref>[http://www.flir.com/surveillance/display/?id=64172 Talon High Performance Multi-Sensor]</ref> The [[American Civil Liberties Union]] raised concerns over the fact that new surveillance technology is implemented without judicial guidance and public discussion.<ref>[https://www.aclu.org/blog/free-future/fbi-documents-reveal-new-information-baltimore-surveillance-flights FBI Documents Reveal New Information on Baltimore Surveillance Flights], ACLU, October 30, 2015</ref> According to Nathan Wessler, an ACLU attorney, "this is a dynamic we see again and again when it comes to advances in surveillance. By the time details leak out, programs are firmly entrenched, and it's all but impossible to roll them back – and very hard to put in place restrictions and oversight."<ref name="TALON" />