Editing Gaia hypothesis (section)

===Processing of CO<sub>2</sub>===
{{See also|Carbon cycle}}
Gaia scientists see the participation of living organisms in the [[carbon cycle]] as one of the complex processes that maintain conditions suitable for life. The only significant natural source of [[Carbon dioxide in Earth's atmosphere|atmospheric carbon dioxide]] ([[Carbon dioxide|CO<sub>2</sub>]]) is [[volcanic activity]], while the only significant removal is through the precipitation of [[carbonate rocks]].<ref name="Karhu1996">{{cite journal | author = Karhu, J.A. | author2 = Holland, H.D. | date = 1 October 1996 | title = Carbon isotopes and the rise of atmospheric oxygen | journal = [[Geology (journal)|Geology]] | volume = 24 | issue = 10 | pages = 867–870 | doi = 10.1130/0091-7613(1996)024<0867:CIATRO>2.3.CO;2|bibcode = 1996Geo....24..867K }}</ref> Carbon precipitation, solution and [[Carbon fixation|fixation]] are influenced by the [[bacteria]] and plant roots in soils, where they improve gaseous circulation, or in coral reefs, where calcium carbonate is deposited as a solid on the sea floor. Calcium carbonate is used by living organisms to manufacture carbonaceous tests and shells. Once dead, the living organisms' shells fall. Some arrive at the bottom of shallow seas where the heat and pressure of burial, and/or the forces of plate tectonics, eventually convert them to deposits of chalk and limestone. Much of the falling dead shells, however, redissolve into the ocean below the carbon compensation depth.

One of these organisms is ''[[Emiliania huxleyi]]'', an abundant [[coccolithophore]] [[algae]] which may have a role in the formation of [[cloud]]s.{{sfn|Harding|2006|p=65}} CO<sub>2</sub> excess is compensated by an increase of coccolithophorid life, increasing the amount of CO<sub>2</sub> locked in the ocean floor. Coccolithophorids, if the CLAW Hypothesis turns out to be supported (see "Regulation of Global Surface Temperature" above), could help increase the cloud cover, hence control the surface temperature, help cool the whole planet and favor precipitation necessary for terrestrial plants.{{citation needed|date=July 2015}} Lately the atmospheric CO<sub>2</sub> concentration has increased and there is some evidence that concentrations of ocean [[algal bloom]]s are also increasing.<ref>{{Cite web | date = 12 September 2007 | title = Interagency Report Says Harmful Algal Blooms Increasing | url = http://www.publicaffairs.noaa.gov/releases2007/sep07/noaa07-r435.html | url-status = dead | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20080209234239/http://www.publicaffairs.noaa.gov/releases2007/sep07/noaa07-r435.html | archive-date = 9 February 2008 }}</ref>

[[Lichen]] and other organisms accelerate the [[weathering]] of rocks in the surface, while the decomposition of rocks also happens faster in the soil, thanks to the activity of roots, fungi, bacteria and subterranean animals. The flow of carbon dioxide from the atmosphere to the soil is therefore regulated with the help of living organisms. When CO<sub>2</sub> levels rise in the atmosphere the temperature increases and plants grow. This growth brings higher consumption of CO<sub>2</sub> by the plants, who process it into the soil, removing it from the atmosphere.