Editing Genuine progress indicator (section)

==Development in the United States==
Non-profit organizations and universities have measured the GPI of Vermont, Maryland, Colorado, Ohio, and Utah. These efforts have incited government action in some states. As of 2014, [[Vermont]], [[Maryland]], Washington and Hawai'i have passed state government initiatives to consider GPI<ref>{{cite web | website=gpiinthestates.org | url=http://www.gpiinthestates.org/states-using-gpi|title=Using GPI
 | access-date=14 April 2023}}</ref> in budgeting decisions, with a focus on long-term cost and benefits. Hawai'i's GPI spans the years from 2000 to 2020 and will be updated annually.<ref>[https://dbedt.hawaii.gov/economic/hawaii-genuine-progress-indicator-hi-gpi/ Hawai'i's GPI] dbedt.hawaii.gov</ref>

In 2009, the state of Maryland formed a coalition of representatives from several state government departments in search of a metric that would factor social well-being into the more traditional gross product indicators of the economy. The metric would help determine the sustainability of growth and economic progress against social and environmental factors typically left out of national indicators. The GPI was chosen as a comprehensive measure of sustainability as it has a well-accepted scientific methodology that can be adopted by other states and compared over time.<ref>{{cite web|title=MD-GPI Background & Methodology |url=http://www.dnr.maryland.gov/mdgpi/bandm.asp |website=Maryland Genuine Progress Indicator |publisher=MDDNR |access-date=16 November 2014 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141128201744/http://www.dnr.maryland.gov/mdgpi/bandm.asp |archive-date=28 November 2014 }}</ref> Maryland's GPI trends are comparable to other states and nations that have measured their GPI in that [[gross state product]] (GSP) and GPI have diverged over the past four decades where GSP has increased more rapidly than GPI. While economic elements of GPI have increased overall (with a significant drop off during the [[Great Recession]]), social well-being has stagnated, with any values added being cancelled out by costs deducted, and environmental indicators, while improving slightly, are always considered costs. Combined, these elements bring the GPI below GSP.<ref>{{cite web|title=Maryland Genuine Progress Indicator Overview |url=http://www.dnr.maryland.gov/mdgpi/mdgpioverview.asp |website=Maryland Genuine Progress Indicator |publisher=MD DNR |access-date=16 November 2014 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141128183818/http://www.dnr.maryland.gov/mdgpi/mdgpioverview.asp |archive-date=28 November 2014 }}</ref> However, Maryland's GPI did increase by two points from 2010 to 2011.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://news.maryland.gov/dnr/2013/06/17/governor-omalley-hosts-gpi-summit/|title=Governor O'Malley Hosts GPI Summit|work=maryland.gov}}</ref>

The calculation methodology of GPI was first developed and published in 1995 by Redefining Progress and applied to US data from 1950 to 1994.<ref>{{Cite journal |url=https://www.academia.edu/2130369|title = The Genuine Progress Indicator: Summary of Data and Methodology | last1=Cobb | first1=Clifford |last2=Halstead |first2=Ted |last3=Rowe |first3=Jonathan |journal = Wasting Assets: Natural Resources in the National... |publisher=Redefining Progress}}</ref> The original work on the GPI in 1995 was a modification of the 1994 version of the Index of Sustainable Economic Welfare in Daly and Cobb.  Results showed that GDP increased substantially from 1950 to 1994. Over the same period, the GPI stagnated. Thus, according to GPI theory, economic growth in the US, i.e., the growth of GDP, did not increase the welfare of the people over that 44 year period. So far, GPI time-series have been calculated for the US and Australia as well as for several of their states. In addition, GPI has been calculated for Austria, Canada, Chile, France, Finland, Italy, the Netherlands, Scotland, and the rest of the UK.