Editing Germline mutation (section)

=== Cancer ===
Mutations in [[Tumor suppressor gene|tumour suppressor genes]] or [[proto-oncogenes]] can predispose an individual to developing tumors.<ref name=":10">{{Cite news|url=https://www.cancer.net/navigating-cancer-care/cancer-basics/genetics/genetics-cancer|title=The Genetics of Cancer|date=2012-03-26|work=Cancer.Net|access-date=2017-12-01}}</ref> It is estimated that inherited genetic mutations are involved in 5-10% of cancers.<ref name="genetics">{{cite web |title=The Genetics of Cancer |url=https://www.cancer.gov/about-cancer/causes-prevention/genetics |website=National Cancer Institute |publisher=NIH |access-date=23 September 2018|date=2015-04-22 }}</ref> These mutations make a person susceptible to tumor development if the other copy of the [[oncogene]] is randomly mutated. These mutations can occur in germ cells, allowing them to be [[Heritability|heritable]].<ref name=":10" /> Individuals who inherit germline mutations in [[TP53]] are predisposed to certain cancer variants because the protein produced by this gene suppresses tumors. Patients with this mutation are also at a risk for [[Li–Fraumeni syndrome]].<ref name="genetics" /> Other examples include mutations in the [[BRCA1]] and [[BRCA2]] genes which predispose to breast and ovarian cancer, or mutations in [[MLH1]] which predispose to [[hereditary nonpolyposis colorectal cancer|hereditary non-polyposis colorectal cancer]].