Editing Goal setting (section)

=== Honing goal setting using temporal motivation theory ===

Locke and Latham (2004) note that goal-setting theory lacks "the issue of time perspective".<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Locke |first1=Edwin A. |author-link1=Edwin A. Locke |last2=Latham |first2=Gary P. |date=July 2004 |title=What should we do about motivation theory? Six recommendations for the twenty-first century |journal=[[Academy of Management Review]] |volume=29 |issue=3 |pages=388–403 |doi=10.5465/amr.2004.13670974 |url=http://home.ubalt.edu/tmitch/642/Articles%20syllabus/Locke%20%26%20latham%20What%20should%20Aca%20M%20rev%2004.pdf}}</ref> Taking this into consideration, Steel and Konig (2006) utilize their [[temporal motivation theory]] (TMT) to account for goal setting's effects, and suggest new hypotheses regarding a pair of its moderators: goal difficulty and proximity.<ref name=Steel2006>{{cite journal |last1=Steel |first1=Piers |last2=König |first2=Cornelius J. |date=October 2006 |title=Integrating theories of motivation |journal=[[Academy of Management Review]] |volume=31 |number=4 |pages=889–913 |doi=10.5465/AMR.2006.22527462 |url=http://webapps2.ucalgary.ca/~steel/images/Integrating.pdf |citeseerx=10.1.1.196.3227 |access-date=2015-02-06 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141027140206/http://webapps2.ucalgary.ca/~steel/images/Integrating.pdf |archive-date=2014-10-27 |url-status=dead }}</ref> The effectiveness of goal setting can be explained by two aspects of TMT: the principle of [[diminishing returns]] and [[temporal discounting]].<ref name=Steel2006/> Similar to the expression "the sum of the parts can be greater than the whole", a division of a project into several, immediate, subgoals appears to take advantage of these two elements.<ref name=Steel2006/>