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Golgi apparatus
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=== Model 1: Anterograde vesicular transport between stable compartments === * In this model, the Golgi is viewed as a set of stable compartments that work together. Each compartment has a unique collection of enzymes that work to modify protein cargo. Proteins are delivered from the ER to the ''cis'' face using [[COPII]]-coated vesicles. Cargo then progress toward the ''trans'' face in [[COPI]]-coated vesicles. This model proposes that COPI vesicles move in two directions: [[Axoplasmic transport#Anterograde transport|anterograde]] vesicles carry [[secretory protein]]s, while [[Axoplasmic transport#Retrograde transport|retrograde]] vesicles recycle Golgi-specific trafficking proteins.<ref name="Glick-2011">{{cite journal | vauthors = Glick BS, Luini A | title = Models for Golgi traffic: a critical assessment | journal = Cold Spring Harbor Perspectives in Biology | volume = 3 | issue = 11 | pages = a005215 | date = November 2011 | pmid = 21875986 | pmc = 3220355 | doi = 10.1101/cshperspect.a005215 }}</ref> ** '''Strengths:''' The model explains observations of compartments, polarized distribution of enzymes, and waves of moving vesicles. It also attempts to explain how Golgi-specific enzymes are recycled.<ref name="Glick-2011"/> ** '''Weaknesses:''' Since the amount of COPI vesicles varies drastically among types of cells, this model cannot easily explain high trafficking activity within the Golgi for both small and large cargoes. Additionally, there is no convincing evidence that COPI vesicles move in both the anterograde and retrograde directions.<ref name="Glick-2011"/> * This model was widely accepted from the early 1980s until the late 1990s.<ref name="Glick-2011"/>
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