Editing Grammatical case (section)

== Case concord systems ==
In the most common<ref name=Blake /> case concord system, only the head-word (the noun) in a phrase is marked for case. This system appears in many [[Papuan languages]] as well as in [[Turkic languages|Turkic]], [[Mongolian language|Mongolian]], [[Quechua language|Quechua]], [[Dravidian languages|Dravidian]], [[Indo-Aryan languages|Indo-Aryan]], and other languages. In [[Basque language|Basque]] and various [[Amazonian languages|Amazonian]] and [[Australian languages]], only the phrase-final word (not necessarily the noun) is marked for case. In many [[Indo-European language|Indo-European]], [[Finnic languages|Finnic]], and [[Semitic languages]], case is marked on the noun, the determiner, and usually the adjective. Other systems are less common. In some languages, there is [[Suffixaufnahme|double-marking]] of a word as both genitive (to indicate semantic role) and another case such as accusative (to establish concord with the head noun).<ref>{{cite journal |last=Malchukov |first=Andrej |date=2010 |title="Quirky" case: rare phenomena in case-marking and their implications for a theory of typological distributions |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=uHD8qnINQlcC |journal=Rethinking Universals: How Rarities Affect Linguistic Theory |pages=139–168 |doi=10.1515/9783110220933.139 |isbn=978-3-11-022092-6 |url-access=subscription }}</ref>